Các mô thức, lý thuyết và xã hội học môi trường

80 TAP CHi KHOA HQC XA HQI SO 05(i29)-2009

KHOA HOC XA HQI THE Gl6l

CAC MO THLTC, LY THUYET

VA XA HOI HOC MOI TRUCING^*^

RILEY E. DUNLAP<">

BUI DUfC KI'NH dich<'"'

TOM TAT

Bdt ddu cgng tdc vdo giira thdp niin 1970,

Cation vd tdc gid xudt bdn duoc mgt logt

bdi bdo nhdm tong hop vd he thong hda

cdc cdng trinh xd hgi hgc vi cdc chii di

moi trudng vd dua ra mgt dinh nghTa vi

ITnh vice ndy di ldm noi biit tinh diic thit

cua nd. Trong khi dinh nghTa cita cdc tdc

gid dua ra khong tgo ra tranh cdi; quan

diim cua cdc tdc gid vi mo thiec vd su thay

doi md thiec, di thuc ddy su phdt trien ciia

chuyen ngdnh xd hgi hgc moi triedng, lgi

gdy nhiiu tranh cdi. Bdi viit ndy Id su nhin

lgi vd trd ldi cho cdc tranh cdi dd; vd dong

thdi trinh bdy quan diim cita tdc gid vi sic

phdt triin ciia xd hgi hgc moi triedng trong

tuang lai.

*"' B^i viet nay dSng trong cu6n sach

"Sociological Ttieory and ttie Environment:

Classical Foundations, Contemporary Insighits",

do Riley E. Dunlap, Frederick H. Buttel, Peter

Dickens, va August Gijsw/ijt bien tap, Nha xu^t

ban Rowman va Littlefield xuat ban nam 2002.

Bai dich la mgt phan san pham cua d4 tai cap

Vien DTV08.3.BDK 'Tdng quan v4 xa tigi tioc

moi trwcyng: Khai niem, 66i twong, phuong

phap va cac truong phai ly thuySt" do Biii Dire

Kinh lam chu nhiem.

'"' Giao su Xa hgi hgc, Trudng Dai hgc bang

Okalahoma.

'"'* Thac sT. Vien Phat trien Ben vOng viing

Nam bg.

1. GIOI THIEU

Mdi trudng bat dau trd thanh chii de gay

tranh luan sdi ndi tai My tir cudi thdp nien

1960 va dau thdp nien 1970. Trong bdi cdnh

dd, mdt sd nhd xa hdi hgc mdi trudng bat

dau nghien cim cac chu de nhu: Y kien cua

cdng chiing ddi vdi van de mdi trudng, ddc

diem xa hdi eiia cdc nhd boat ddng mdi

trudng, ddc diem va chien luge ciia cdc to

chirc mdi trudng, chinh trj hgc mdi trudng,

va viec hoach dinh chinh sdch mdi trudng.

Nhirng nghien ciru neu tren dp dung nhan

quan ciia xa hdi hgc truyen thdng ddi vdi y

kien cdng chiing, cae phong trdo xa hdi, to

chirc chinh thirc, v.v. va cudi ciing tao nen

mdt hudng nghien ciru "Xa hdi hgc ve cdc

vdn de mdi trudng - Sociology of

Environmental Issues". Tuy nhien, ddn ddn

mdt sd nha xa hdi hgc bat ddu phan tich

mdi quan he giua cdc xa hdi cdng nghiep

hien dai vd mdi trudng tu nhien bao quanh

chung, tir cae nghien ciru cd cdp do cdng

ddng ve mdi tuong quan giira giai cdp xa

hdi (social class) va sir tiep xiic vdi d

nhiem khdng khi (exposure to air

pollution) cho den cdc phdn tich lich sir ve

viec sir dung nang lugng. Cdc phdn tich

nhu vdy da phdt trien vdo ddu vd giua thdp

nien 1970, ciing vdi sir xuat hien gay tranh

luan cua thuat ngu "Xa hdi hgc mdi trudng

- Environmental Sociology".