Biodiversity And Ecological Association Of Tree Species In Special Use Forests Huong Son My Duc Ha Noi

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This study was conducted for 5 months with lot of support, guidance and

encouragement from teachers, friends and beloved family members as well as relevant

institutions. Taking this opportunity, I would like to express my thanks to all..

First of all, I would like to express my great respect and profound gratitude to my

supervisor, Prof.Dr. Pham Van Dien and co-supervisor, Dr. Le Quoc Huy for their lucid and

genial guidance, encouragement and hospitality. Only with their enthusiastic guidance and

encouragement, I was able to accomplish my study successfully as designed

I also would like to express sincere thanks to the Management Board, Forest ranger of

Huong Son Special Use Forest, local people and especially Vietnam National University of

Forest (VNUF) and Research Institute for Forest Ecology and Environment (RIFEE) -

Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences (VAFS) for kind help and support with regard to

study sites, datasets and administrative arrangement for my thesis study.

Finally, I appreciate my family and classmates who were always by my side, motivate

and encourage me.

Due to time constrains , knowledge and capacity limitation, this study might still have

some mistakes, I am really sorry for this inconvenience if any. I look forward to the future

endeavor with your continuos support and collaboration for my better research work.

Sincerely

Ha Noi . October 2nd, 2016

Le Thi Thu Hang

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ABSTRACT

The biodiversity and ecological association of tree species has an important meaning

,tree layer is decisive component of forest ecosystem but it hasn’t earn much attention in our

country . Therefore, study on diversity and ecological association of them in natural forests

takes a very important role for more understanding about this system. The study was based on

18 sampling plots (1000 m2/plot), distributed on 06 fields in the special use forests of Huong

Son, Ha Noi. The paper determined 05 important characteristics concerning the tree

communities, including: (i) important value index (IV, %); (ii) species dominance pattern;

(iii) species diversity indices; and (iv) assessment of factors affecting the study site (v)

ecological association of tree species and proposed some conservation measures and

sustainable development . The results indicated that, all plots together there are 43 species

found to be ecological significance in the communities with their IV higher than 5%, and

there are four species found as dominance in three plots with their IV more than 30%, made a

geometric steep slope pattern in the top niche of diversity dominance (D-D) curve. IV change

curve by species sequence showed that, big differentiate among studied fields. The value of

species diversity indices also showed that, diversity of tree species in the studied sites is at

medium level. From results of estimating the Site disturbance index (SDI) consider that

almost of study site are more or less influenced by human, in which the biggest factors

affecting the biological diversity is Agriculture encroachment. There were up to 11 couples of

tree species found with their similarity of 80%. The results showed that 120 tree species found

in the studied sites were devided into 04 ecological groups. Through this approach, we could

infer the relationship among them (independent, mutual, or comparative). Based on results

achieved, the present study would be considered as a typically quantitative research on

diversity and ecological association of tree species. In addition, the paper has its significance

for further understanding about tree communities of tropical natural forests in special use

forests of Huong Son, Ha Noi.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

LIST OF TABLE

LIST OF FIGURE

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ........................................................................................... 10

3. RESEARCH GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ...................................................................... 15

3.1. Goals ............................................................................................................................. 15

3.2. Specific objectives ........................................................................................................ 15

4. METHODS ...................................................................................................................... 18

4.1. Establish the sampling plot ............................................................................................ 18

4.2. Data collection method .................................................................................................. 18

4.3. Calculation method ....................................................................................................... 18

4.4. Dominance Diversity curve (D-D) method ................................................................... 20

4.5. Estimating the Site disturbance index (SDI) method ...................................................... 21

4.6. Data analysis method .................................................................................................... 23

5. RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION .................................................................... 24

5.1. Important Value Index (IV%) ....................................................................................... 24

5.2. Dominance Diversity Curve of trees species in Huong Son SUF ................................... 28

5.3. Diversity indices of tree species ................................................................................... 34

5.4. Assessment of factors affecting the study site ................................................................ 36

5.4.1. Agriculture encroachment .......................................................................................... 36

5.4.2. Invasive species.......................................................................................................... 37

5.4.3. Tourism activities....................................................................................................... 37

5.4.4. Firewood and medicinal collection............................................................................. 38

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5.4.5. Logging and fires ....................................................................................................... 38

5.5. Ecological Association of tree species ........................................................................... 40

5.6. Proposed some conservation measures and sustainable development. ........................... 44

5.6.1. Policy and sustainable management of forest resources solutions: ............................. 45

6. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................ 48

7. SHORTCOMINGS AND RECOMMENDATION ........................................................... 50

7.1. Shortcomings ............................................................................................................... 50

7.2. Recommendation .......................................................................................................... 50

REFERENCES

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 4.1. Site Disturbance Index - SDI .............................................................................. 22

Table 5.1. Importan value index ........................................................................................... 25

Table 5.2. Diversity Indices of tree species........................................................................... 34

Table 5.3. Site disturbances index definition ........................................................................ 39