Bệnh tiêu chảy và tiêu chảy cấp ở trẻ em

Benh tieu chay &

tieu chay cap d tre em

Tieu chay vd tidu chay cap

d tre em Id bdnh thfldng

gdp, nha't la tre dfldi 5

tudi. B|nh diln bid'n quanh nam,

dac bidt vl miia he Id thdi gian cd

nhilu dilu kidn thuan ldi dl bdnh

phdt sinh vd phdt triln. Nhflng

khu vflc ddn cfl dieu kien vd sinh

kem, d nhiem mdi trudng thi bdnh

tieu chay trd em cang dl ddn den

trdm trgng.

Hdu qud nang ne vd nguy hilm

cua tidu chay Id tinh trang mat

nddc vd mat dien giai cd thi gay

tfl vong, ddy Id nhfliig trfldng hdp

cap cflu nhi khoa, phai bu nhanh

nfldc vd didn giai eho cd the tre

trong thdi gian ngan.

Trd bi tidu chay khi di ngodi

trdn 3 ldn trong 24 gid va phdn

long. Khi ddt tieu chay chdm dflt

trflde ngay thfl 14 k l tfl khi mac

thi goi Id tieu chay cd'p tinh (tieu

chay cap), nd'u tieu chay van cdn

tilp diln sau 14 ngdy thi ggi la

tidu chdy kdo dai. Khi tieu chay

hdn 30 ngdy thi ggi la tidu chay

man tinh.

Nguyen nhan tieu chdy thfldng

gap do vi khuan (ta, ly trflc khuan),

virus (Rotavirus, Astrovirus,

Afenovirus), ky sinh trung (ly

amip, Giardia)... Tuy theo nguyen

nhan gdy bdnh de cd dieu tri thich

flng. Phdi cd xet nghidm phan,

mdu dl xde dinh nguyen nhdn gdy

benh, tinh trang rd'i loan didn giai

vd mflc dd tram trong,

Hdu qua tidu chay: Do mat nfldc

va mat didn giai se dan den rd'i

loan chuydn hda trong cd the, rat

nguy hilm, c6 thi ddn de'n tfl vong.

Tieu chay, man tinh se dan de'n suy

dinh dfl3ng d tre do sfl hdp thu thflc

dn qua dfldng tieu hda hi giam sut,

ldm chdm sfl phdt trien cua cd the.

Niu tieu chay phdn ed mau kdo dai

cd the gdy ra tinh trang thie'u mdu

(thilu hdng cau, thieu sdt, da xanh

32

tai nhfft nhat, nhat la d mdi, nidm

mac mdt, da mat.

Khi ndo cdn dfla tre din cd sd

y te: Tre bd an, bd bii, mdt, mdi

khd, mat trung, ddi udng nfldc, non

mfla lidn tuc, sd't, di ngodi nhilu

lan phdn long todn nfldc hodc cd

mau, quay khdc, chfldng bung, tre

li bi cd khi co giat. Gia dinh va ba

me can lam tdt mdt sd' vide sau:

• Cho tre ud'ng nfldc va bd nhilu

hdn thfldng ngay dl bii lai Ifldng

nfldc va dien giai da ma't. Oresol la

mdt dung dich dien giai rat cd hidu

qua trong tidu chay, cin phai pha

theo dung hfldng dan in trdn bao

bi san pham. Sfla me vfla la thflc

an vfla Id nfldc, cho be hu me cdng

nhieu cdng td't, can cho hfl thdi

gian ldu hdn. Cd thi cho tr^ udng

them nfldc chdo, nude canh, sfla ddu

ndnh, nfldc dfla, nfldc cam vat, nfldc

sdi de ngudi, nfldc khoang man.

" Khi tre dd giam va hit tidu

chay phai cho tre an nhilu thflc dn

giau dinh dfldng dl phdng suy dinh

dfldng, cho bu me binh thfldng,

khong an kidng (nhu chi an chdo

-ft^ BS. NGUYEN Cl/dNG

mudi), cho tre dn thdm ngdy 1- 2

bfla phu.

" Tre em can dfldc bo sung them

kem ngay khi tieu chay mdi b^t

dau. Kem cd tdc dung nh^fih chdng

hdi phuc nidm mac rudt, rut ngan

thdi gian hi bdnh, cdi thif n sfl ngon

midng va tang trfldng cua tre.

• Thud'c khdng sinh dfldng ruot

hidn nay c6 rdt nhieu loai, phai do

thdy thudc Ifla chgn loai thich hdp

va thay doi, phdi hdp khdng sinh

ne'u thdy cim thid't. Phai eho tr6

dung dung lilu va du thdi gian dl

tranh bdnh kdo ddi hodc tai phdt.

Phong b#nh tieu chay tre em

Benh tidu chdy Idy qua dfldng

tidu hda do dn udng, chdt thdi

khdng dfldc xfl ly tdt. Do vdy, cin

sfl dung ngudn nfldc sach, dn chin

udng sdi, day tre bilt phdi rfla tay

trflde khi dn, sau khi di vd sinh, ve

sinh than th i hang ngay eho tre...

Nudi con bdng sfla me hit sflc

quan trgng, cho tre bu m? ngay

sau sinh vd bii sfla me hodn todn

trong 6 thdng diu ddi. Cho tre dn

bd sung (dn sam) sau 4- 6 thdng

tuoi tdy theo sfl phat triln cua tr^,

cin theo ddi bieu do tdng trfldng

(chilu cao, cdn nang...)

Cho tre ud'ng vitamin A, D

dinh k^ tai tram y t l phfldng, xa.

Tidm phbng sdi, udng vdc xin ngifa

rotavirus vd cdc loai vac xin khdc

theo chfldng trinh tiem ehung m&

rgng cua dia phfldng ndi cfl tru nhfl

vdc xin thfldng han, ta.

Can cdt diJt dfldng lay truyin khi

tre bi tidu chdy. Dfl&ng lay truyin

thdng thfldng Id qua dfldi^ phdn -

midng, nhuhg cdt dut dfldc cdch 1^

truyen ndy khdng ddn gidn. Ngil&i

trong gia dinh vd ba me d n ndng

cao y thflc phdng benh trong dd cfl

vigc xay dflng nhd vd sinh vd qudn

1^ nhd vd sinh diing chuin theo

hfldng din cua y tl. ^

THu6c & sCfc KH6E S 505(1.8.2014)