Bàn về tiêu chí đánh giá giờ dạy học ngữ văn theo yêu cầu mới

ghien curu

B A N VE TIE U CH I DAN H GI A

G I 0 DA Y HOC NG U VA N THEO YE U CA U MO I

• PGS.TS. D6 NGOC THONG

Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam

•Khoa hoc Gido due

I. Mon Ngu* van va nhirng yeu cau mdi

trong day va hpc

So vdi chddng trinh (CT)1

va sach giao khoa

(SGK) giai doan Cai each giao due (CCGD),

trddc nam 2000, CT va SGK Ngd van cd nhieu

thay ddi ca muc tieu, npi dung, phddng phap va

danh gia. Sd thay ddi nay nham dap dng nhdng

yeu cau cua mpt giai doan lich sd mdi. Mudn xac

dinh ddpc co sd khoa hpc de danh gia mpt gid

day hpc Ngd van theo yeu cau mdi, khong the

khdng nhin thay sd thay ddi nay.

1. Ve muc tieu day hpc Ngu van

Ben canh muc tieu chung cua tat ca cac

mon hpc la bdi dddng tam hdn; giao due td

tddng, tinh cam, dao ddc, tac phong... cho hpc

sinh (HS), can thay muc tieu rieng cua mon hpc

nay. Muc tieu rieng (cd the gpi la muc tieu trdc

tiep) cua mdn Ngd van mdi la hinh thanh va ren

luyen cho ngddi hpc hai nang Idc cd ban:

- Nang Idc dpc - hieu van ban (Reading lit￾eracy)

- Nang Idc tao lap van ban (Writing literacy)

Trong mpt xa hpi hien dai, khi khdi Idpng tri

thdc cua nhan loai da va dang tang len vun vut,

khong cd nha trddng nao lai Ida chpn each day

nham cung cap so Iddng cac sd kien va tri thdc.

Trong bdi canh xa hpi ay, nha trddng can day

each thdc tiep nhan va tao lap cac gia tri van

hda.

Ve li luan, dieu nay khdng cd gi mdi, nhdng

hieu cho dung va nhat la hien thdc hda td tddng

dd vao npi dung cu the cua mdi mdn hpc khong

phai la don gian,

Lau nay, do truyen thdng coi trong van

chddng nen cdnoi den mdn Van la ngddi ta nghT

ngay den mon day cac tac pham van chddng...

Ma ngay tac pha'm van chddng cung chi coi

trong nhdng tac pha'm hd cau tddng tdpng (fic￾tion): thd, truyen, tieu thuyet... con van nghi luan

va cac loai van ban khac (nonaction) thi it ddpc

chu y.

Ket qua la HS cd the thupc rat nhieu thd/van

nhdng ra ddi vln khdng viet ddpc mpt bien ban

hay ddn, thd giao dich cho dung quy each; HS rat

lung tung khi xem ban do mpt thanh phd Idn de

xac dinh cac ben xe buyt va nhdng diem can den.

Trong khi mpt giao vien (GV) day van cua Hoa KP

cho ring: day tac pha'm Odyssey cua Homer chi

cin tap trung vao viec giup HS cd kien thdc va kT

nang di du ljch la chfnh, con viec nim npi dung

tac pha'm ay thi de HS td dpc d nha.

Khong ai phu nhan vai tro cua tho van trong

viec bdi dddng tam hdn, td tddng, nhan each cua

ngddi hpc... nhdng muc tieu dd khong phai la

dpc quyen cua bat cd mdn hpc nao. Muc tieu

trdc tiep cua mdn Ngd van trong nha trddng

trddc het bit diu td tieu hpc la day cho HS biet

dpc, biet viet (literacy) va len trung hpc la giup

hp trd thanh ngddi dpc, ngddi viet cd van hda.

De dat dddc muc tieu tren, can hinh thanh

va ren luyen cho HS hai nang Idc thiet yeu: Doc

hieu van bin va tao lap van bin. Nang Idc dau

giup HS biet tiep nhan, thddng thdc, danh gia

san pha'm cua ngddi khac va nang Idc sau biet

tao ra san pha'm (ndi va viet) cua chinh minh.

Chinh vi the nen hiu het cac nddc deu coi mon

hpc nay la mdn cdng cu.

Dpc hieu va tao lap van ban cd rat nhieu

mdc dp, trinh dp khac nhau. Thoat nan mu chd

khong cd nghTa la da biet dpc - hieu. Nhieu ngddi

dpc rat to va Idu loat mpt van bin nhdng van

khdng hieu hoac hieu khong dung thong tin

trong dd. Cd le vi the ma Chddng trinh danh gia

hpc sinh qudc te (PISA)J

chu trddng coi Nang Idc

dpc hieu (reading literacy) la mpt trong ba ITnh

vUc4

quan trong de danh gia ngddi hpc vao cudi

Bo GD& OT, Chddng trinh giao due pho thong. NXB Giao due, 2006.

www.Teacher.net/ lessons bank

Programme tor International Student Assessment

Cung vdi Scientific va Mathematical literacy

KHGD so 52, thdng 1 - 2010 27