Bản chất và đặc thù của quan hệ quốc tế

Nghien cdu Quoc te'soS (82), 9/2010:123-144.

BAN CHAT VA DAC THU

CUA QUAN HE QUOC TE

Vii Duang Hudn

Quan he qudc te la hien tugng xa hdi, song la loai quan he xa hdi

dac biet cd dac diem rieng nay sinh trong qua trinh boat ddng ciia con

ngudi lien quan den mdi trudng qudc te. Quan he xa hdi vugt bien gidi

qudc gia, cd nhiing thay ddi Idn va trd nen vd ciing phirc tap, bdi trong

mdi trudng qudc te cd cac ca che boat ddng va luat chai hoan toan khac

vdi ca che trong ndi bd qudc gia.

Mae dil cac nha nghien cim da tdn khdng it giay myc va thdi gian

de tranh luan, song cd the ndi van de ban chat va dac thii ciia quan he

qudc te van la van de chua cd sy nhat tri cao, anh hudng dang ke den viec

hinh thanh phuang phap luan thdng nhat nghien cuu quan he qudc te va

phat trien khoa hpc ly luan quan he qudc te. Chinh vi vay, trong bai viet

nay, tac gia mudn gdp phan phan tich ban chat quan he, lam rd cac dac

diem ciia quan he qudc te va de cap den van de ly luan quan he qudc te,

mdt ITnh vyc vd ciing quan trpng trong nghien cim qudc te song chua

dugc di sau nghien cim d nudc ta.

Day thyc sy la mdt van de vd ciing phirc tap cho nen tac gia chi

mong dua ra mdt vai y kien sa bd ban dau de chia se vdi ban dpc.

Ban chat quan he quoc te

Khai niem quan he quoc tl nhu mdt pham trii khoa hpc lan dau tien

do nha khoa hpc ngudi Anh Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) dua ra. Quan

* PGS. TS, T6ng Lanh sy quan Viet Nam tai Vladivostok, Lien bang Nga.

9/2070 123

UA -5:.2\ -.1)^0'i:\« Nghien cdu - Trao doi

he qudc te ma dng ndi den la quan he giira cac chinh phii, giiia cac quoc

gia. Tir dd nhan thiic khoa hpc ve ban chat quan he qudc te ngay cang tra

nen rdng, khdng the khdng dan den mau thuan, va cham giiia cac tu

tudng, nhan thiic khac nhau ciia cac nha nghien eiiu.

Trudc het, mdt trong cac van de ma gidi hpc thuat tranh luan het

siic gay gat la kha nang phan biet quan he qudc te vdi cac quan he xa hoi

khac. Cac nha khoa hgc dat van de lieu cd the tach quan he qudc te mot

each ranh mach vdi cac hien tugng va qua trinh xa hdi khac khdng? R.

Aron, nha nghien ciin qudc te ndi tieng ngudi Phap, cho rang quan he

qudc te khdng cd ranh gidi rd rang trong hien thyc va khdng the tach

khdi cac hien tugng xa hdi khac. Ong khang dinh "bat cii hien tugng nao

phat trien trong mdi trudng qudc te deu la dac thii ma khdng la ban

chat".' Ciing xuat phat tir nhiing nhan thiic tuong ty nhu vay. Ph. Dann,

X. Dobroxelski va P. Vukadinovich cho rang khdng nen xac dinh chinh

xac quan he qudc te bdi vi dieu dd se dan den nhan thiic giao dilu khong

phii hgp vdi thyc tien. Quan he qudc te phirc tap din ndi ma trong quan

he tuong tac vdi tdng the quan he xa hdi khac, muon khai quat nd qua

that la khd thanh cdng.^ ' ' ' ' '• "^'^

Chi cd the nhat tri vdi cac nhan xet tren mpt phin, vi ngoai tim ban

chat cua chiing, can phai tim cac dac trung ciia quan he qudc tl nira. Dac

trung cung phan anh ban chit. Trudc hit, bit cii mdi quan he quoc tl nao

ciing deu the hien khac vdi quan he trong ndi bd qudc gia. Ngoai ra, la

hien tugng xa hdi, quan he qudc tl phai cd gidi ban khdng gian va thdi

gian. Thdi gian ciia quan he qudc tl dugc tinh tir thdi diim xuit hien dien

' Aron R., Hod binh vd chiin tranh giua cdc ddn tdc (tilng Nga), Kiev, 2000, tr. 32.

- Makian Malxki, Mykhailo Matsiakh, Ly /udn quan he qudc ti (tilng Ucraina), Nxb.

Kiev, 2003, tr 2.

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