Balancing Development and Sustainability in Tourism Destinations

Akhmad Saufi · Imanuella R. Andilolo

Norain Othman · Alan A. Lew Editors

Balancing

Development and

Sustainability

in Tourism

Destinations

Proceedings of the Tourism Outlook

Conference 2015

Balancing Development and Sustainability

in Tourism Destinations

Akhmad Saufi • Imanuella R. Andilolo

Norain Othman • Alan A. Lew

Editors

Balancing Development

and Sustainability in Tourism

Destinations

Proceedings of the Tourism Outlook

Conference 2015

123

Editors

Akhmad Saufi

Economics and Business Faculty

Mataram University

Mataram

Indonesia

Imanuella R. Andilolo

Economics and Business Faculty

Mataram University

Mataram

Indonesia

Norain Othman

Universiti Teknologi MARA

Shah Alam

Malaysia

Alan A. Lew

Northern Arizona University

Flagstaff, AZ

USA

ISBN 978-981-10-1716-2 ISBN 978-981-10-1718-6 (eBook)

DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1718-6

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016943455

© Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part

of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,

recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission

or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar

methodology now known or hereafter developed.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this

publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from

the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this

book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the

authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or

for any errors or omissions that may have been made.

Printed on acid-free paper

This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature

The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd.

Preface

Sustainable development has been at the core of place and environmental

management since it was introduced through the UN’s World Commission on the

Environment and Development (WCED) report, Our Common Future, in 1987. For

many places, however, creating sustainable communities and environments seems

to be continually beyond the reach of our achievements. Part of this challenge is

because the concept of sustainable development includes both the goals of eco￾nomic development and the often contradictory goals of environmental and cultural

conservation. As such, sustainable development in general, and sustainable tourism

in particular, is inherently contested and has outcomes that typically result in

winners and losers.

The papers in this volume explored these issues from a global south perspective.

They were selected from the highly successful Topical Tourism Outlook

Conference, held on the island of Lombok in Indonesia, during July 29–31, 2015.

The conference built on the first Sustainable Tourism Symposium organized by the

University of Mataram (UNRAM) in July 2014 to initiate the expansion of their

tourism studies program on the island of Lombok. It also incorporated the eighth

conference in the Tourism Outlook Conference series, organized by the Universiti

Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Malaysia, and the fourth conference in the Tropical

Coastal and Island Tourism series, sponsored by Northern Arizona University and

the International Geographical Union’s Commission on Tourism, Leisure and

Global Change.

The Lombok conference focused on the challenge of growth and conservation in

communities seeking a better future that includes tourism. The island of Lombok,

Indonesia, with its diversity of natural environments and social contexts, provided

an ideal venue to address these issues.

The editors of this volume appreciate the efforts of the conference organizers and

sponsors, which included:

• University of Mataram (UNRAM), Faculty of Economics, Indonesia

• Universiti Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam (UiTM), Faculty of Hotel and Tourism

Management, Malaysia

v

• Northern Arizona University (NAU), Department of Geography, Planning and

Recreation, USA

• James Cook University (JCU), School of Business, Australia and Singapore

• International Geographical Union (IGU), Commission on the Geography of

Tourism, Leisure and Global Change

• Tourism Geographies journal, Routledge, UK

• Sabaragamuwa University, Department of Tourism Management, Sri Lanka

The selected chapters provide a platform for tourism scholars, hospitality and

tourism industry practitioners, public and private land managers, community

development workers, and others interested in tourism and development issues to

share, exchange and debate ideas and knowledge related to our understanding and

management of tourism and conservation. In addition, the papers have a special

focus on tropical environments in South and Southeast Asia. The tropics comprise

some of the richest and most complex ecosystems on the planet. The diversity and

density of resources that exist in tropical environments means they are increasingly

impacted by global economic and social forces, including economic development

pressures that are often tourism and recreation related. In addition, they are being

impacts rapid population growth that is driven by economic migrants, natural

resource extraction, and the relentless onslaught of industrial fishing, global climate

change, and rising sea levels. These pressures create enormous challenges for

tropical communities due to the global scope of the problems, an inadequate

understanding of the issues, and a paucity of effective management tools.

The authors and researchers who contributed to this book have a passion for

understanding tourism in the context of these global issues. They, and the editors of

this volume, appreciate the opportunity to contribute to this global discussion to

help create a better future for our communities and for our world.

Flagstaff, AZ, USA Alan A. Lew, Ph.D., AICP

vi Preface

Contents

1 Introduction: Balancing Sustainability and Development

in Tropical Tourist Destinations .......................... 1

Akhmad Saufi

Part I Balancing Sustainability in Environmental and Cultural

Tourism

2 Ecotourism and Biopiracy: A Legal Perspective

on the Sustainability of Tourism Destination in Malaysia........ 9

Norha Abu Hanifah and Abu Bakar Webb

3 The Influence of Eco-friendly Attitudes on Tourists’ Intention

Toward Green Hotels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Monika Kristanti and Regina Jokom

4 Reconnecting the Past Through Oral History: An Effort

in Preserving Malaysians’ Intangible Cultural Heritage . . . . . . . . . 31

Suhaida Halamy and Silverina Anabelle Kibat

5 Revitalizing Tourism in the Heritage Land of Toraja:

Planning as a Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Devi Roza K. Kausar and Myra P. Gunawan

6 A Local Sense of Place for Cultural Sustainability:

Reconstruction of Place Identity in Kuta, Bali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Luh Micke Anggraini

7 Perceptions of Impacts and Development in a Cultural

Tourism Hub: Ubud, Bali. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Peita Hillman, Brent D. Moyle and Betty Weiler

8 Developing Halal Tourist Destination: Investigating Lombok’s

Potentials from Destination Marketing Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Sulhaini, Akhmad Saufi and Rusdan

vii

9 Exploring the Rationales of Souvenir Purchase Behaviour

and Roles of Behavioural Belief and Perceived Authenticity

Among International Tourists in Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Faiz Izwan Anuar, Astri Yulia, Hayatul Nadzirah Binti Hamden,

Kamilia Fasiha Binti Abdul Aziz

and Sharifah Maziah Bte. Wan Hamid Edruce

10 Bidayuh Community of Malaysia: Presenting Culture

and Nature as a Package for Sustainable Development

of Indigenous Tourism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Shazali Johari, Ahmad Shuib, Sridar Ramachandran,

Syamsul Herman and Puvaneswaran Kunasekaran

11 Movie Touring: The Influence of Film on Viewers’

Travel Intention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Mohd Noor Ismawi Ismail, Norzuwana Sumarjan,

Nur Farihin Abd. Hadi Khan and Mohd Hafiz Hanafiah

12 Celebrity Chefs and the Enhancement of Culinary Tourism

Experiences in Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Adam Abidin, Jenny H. Panchal and K. Thirumaran

13 Food Representation and Media: Experiencing Culinary

Tourism Through Foodgasm and Foodporn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Ikma Citra Ranteallo and Imanuella Romaputri Andilolo

Part II Balancing Sustainability in Community Tourism

Development

14 Leisure Activities and Leisure Skills of Urban Residents

in Hangzhou, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Yan Jiang

15 Attitudes, Lifestyle and Social Benefits of Local Communities

Towards Islamic Tourism Development in Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Sabrina Samsudin and Nor’Ain Othman

16 Do Age and Gender Influence Motivation and Satisfaction

Among Special Event Volunteers? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Norliza Aminudin, Hassnah Wee and Nur Aleeya Adlin Zahid

17 Community Social Capital in the Ecotourism Development

of Gunung Padang Site, Cianjur, West Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

E.K.S. Harini Muntasib, Arzyana Sunkar and Resti Meilani

18 The Contributions of Enclave Tourism to Community

Wellbeing in Mauritius: Host Community Perspective . . . . . . . . . . 179

Perunjodi Naidoo, Philip Pearce and Richard Sharpley

viii Contents

19 An Exploratory Study on the Internal Impacts of Hotel CSR

Activities in Bali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Trianasari and Gede Adi Yuniarta

20 An Exploratory Study of Tourists Photo Taking Behavior

at Nglanggeran Ancient Volcano, Gunungkidul, Indonesia. . . . . . . 199

Handayani Rahayuningsih, Kwartarini Wahyu Yuniarti

and Tri Kuntoro Priyambodo

21 Exploring the Public Participation Practices in Planning

for Sustainable Tourism in Malaysia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Arni Abdul Gani, Khairil Wahidin Awang

and Abdullah Mohamad

22 Land and Tourism in Post-war Sri Lanka: A Critique

on the Political Negligence in Tourism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Iraj Ratnayake and Mahesh Hapugoda

23 Implementation of a Cluster-Based Model for Waterfront

Urban Tourism Development in Manado, Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Bet El Silisna Lagarense and Agustinus Walansendow

24 Sharia Tourism Development Strategy for West Nusa

Tenggara, Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Busaini

Part III Balancing Sustainability in Tourism Economic Development

25 Preliminary Study on the Cashless Payment as an Experience￾Based Marketing Vehicle in Tourism Destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Nuri Wulandari and Imanuella Romaputri Andilolo

26 Monitoring Growths and Product Quality of Local Souvenirs

to Enhance Tourist Destination Image of North Sulawesi,

Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Agustinus Walansendow and Bet El Silisna Lagarense

27 Tourism Supply Chain Perspectives on Border Shopping

Development at Padang Besar, Malaysia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Azila Azmi, Ibrahim Abdul Hamid, Johanna Adlin Ahmad

and Rafidah Aida Ramli

28 Tour Operators Contribution Towards Sustainable Tourism:

A Review from the Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Maisarah Abd Hamid and Salmi Mohd Isa

Contents ix

29 Derawan Islands as a Domestic Destination: Insights

of Young Indonesians Living in Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Jenny H. Panchal, Ugra Prasetyo Bawono

and Jordan Napitupulu

30 Responses of Social Media Users to Professional

and Tourist Photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Fuadi Afif, Tri Kuntoro Priyambodo

and Yulia A. Widyaningsih

31 Tweeting and Retweeting Tourism and Airline Service

Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

Arissetyanto Nugroho and Janfry Sihite

32 Spatial Relationship of Tourist Distribution in Turkey. . . . . . . . . . 353

Deniz Yüncü, Semra Günay and Yeliz Mert Kantar

33 Spatial Distribution of Occupancy Rate in the Hospitality

Sector in Turkey According to International and Domestic

Tourist Arrivals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

Semra Günay Aktaş, Deniz Yüncü and Yeliz Mert Kantar

34 The Influence of Tourism Core Resources on Travel

and the Tourism Competitiveness Index and Tourism

Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

Mohd Hafiz Hanafiah, Mohamad Abdullah Hemdi

and Ismail Ahmad

35 An Analysis of Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Versus

Socio-Political Conditions at the National Level:

An Indonesian Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

Gandhi Pawitan, Orpha Jane, Nia Juliawati, Sanerya Hendrawan

and Aknolt Kristian Pakpahan

36 Marketing Sustainable Beach Holidays: A Tropical Agenda. . . . . . 401

K. Thirumaran and Mohit Raghav

x Contents

Editors and Contributors

About the Editors

Akhmad Saufi is Senior Lecture in the Faculty of Economic and Busines,

Mataram University Lombok Indonesia. He is a Doctor of Philosophy of

International Tourism and Hospitality Management, and teaches Tourism

Management. He is also Director of Tourism Study Centre of Economic and

Business Faculty of Mataram University.

Imanuella R. Andilolo is Lecturer at the Management Department in Faculty of

Economics and Business, University of Mataram, in Lombok, Indonesia. She

obtained her master degree from University of Tilburg in the Netherlands. Her main

research interest is tourism.

Norain Othman is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Hotel and Tourism

Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, and

her areas of specialization are tourism development and tourism marketing and also

event management. Her research focuses on sustainable community based on

tourism and also Islamic Tourism.

Dr. Alan A. Lew is a Professor in the Department of Geography, Planning, and

Recreation at Northern Arizona University where he teaches courses in geography,

urban planning and tourism development. Dr. Lew’s research interests focus on

tourism in the Asia-Pacific region, particularly in Southeast Asia and East Asia,

with topics covering community tourism planning, tourist movements, sustainable

tourism, heritage tourism, tourism geography. He has been a Fulbright Scholar at

the Universiti Teknologi MARA in Sabah, Malaysia, a Research Fellow at National

Donghua University in Taiwan, a Concurrent Professor at Nanjing University, and

an External Examiner at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Professor Lew has

authored over 80 articles and book chapters and has published several books,

including Understanding and Managing Tourism Impacts: An Integrated Approach

(2009), Tourism Geography, 3rd edition (2014), and World Regional Geography,

xi

2nd edition (2015). He is the founding editor-in-chief of the journal, Tourism

Geographies and is a Fellow of the International Academy for the Study of

Tourism.

Contributors

Adam Abidin is a working professional focusing on hospitality management. He

has worked in the food and beverage industry for over a decade and holds a

Master’s degree in International Tourism and Hospitality Management from James

Cook University. He currently oversees a restaurant and bar business as an

entrepreneur.

Fuadi Afif is a Masters student in the Tourism Studies Program, UGM,

Yogyakarta, Indonesia. His research interest is photography, animals and the

environment.

Johanna Adlin Ahmad is Lecturer of Faculty of Hotel and Tourism Management

in Universiti Teknologi MARA in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. She has been serving

the university for the past 8 years teaching Diploma in Tourism Management

students. She has previously produced papers on community-based tourism, cul￾tural tourism, and tourism interests in Sarawak of Borneo.

Ismail Ahmad Ph.D. is Professor in the Faculty of Business Management,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. He obtained his Ph.D. in Economics from

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM (2005), M.B.A. (Finance) from State

University, Kentucky, USA (1987), and B.Sc. (Finance) Minor (Econs) from

Indiana State University, Indiana, USA (1985). Currently, he is attached to Arshad

Ayob Graduate Business School. He is also serving as a visiting professor at

University of Sistan and Baluchistan, USB, Zahidan, Iran.

Semra Günay Aktaş is Professor in the Tourism Faculty, Department of Tour

Guiding, Anadolu University. She received her Ph.D. from the Ankara University,

Geography Department. Semra Günay Aktaşis is Dean of the Tourism Faculty,

Anadolu University. Her research focuses on tourism geography.

N. Aminudin is Senior Lecturer and Head of the Department of Tourism Studies,

Faculty of Hotel and Tourism Management, University of Technology MARA,

Malaysia at Puncak Alam Campus where she teaches courses on tourism devel￾opment and tourism economics. Her research focuses on sustainable community

based tourism in Southeast Asia.

Luh Micke Anggraini is Lecturer of Hospitality and Tourism at Sekolah Tinggi

Pariwisata Nusa Dua Bali Tourism Institute, a state-owned Tourism College

coordinated by the Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Indonesia. Her research

focuses on destination planning and marketing, sustainable tourism, and tourism

planning and policy in Bali and Indonesia. Her Ph.D. dissertation at the University

xii Editors and Contributors

of Western Sydney Australia explores place attachment, place identity, and tourism

in Bali.

Faiz I. Anuar is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Tourism Management,

Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), where he teaches courses on tourism inno￾vation, technology, and event management. He received his Ph.D. from Texas

A&M University, US. His research focuses on technology in tourism, augmented

reality technology, and social media development in Southeast Asia.

Khairil Wahidin Awang is currently Associate Professor at the Department of

Management and Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Management Universiti

Putra Malaysia. With a Ph.D. from the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, he

immersed himself researching in the arena of tourism geography. With an interest in

sustainable tourism development, he seeks to explore the challenges posed by

tourism-related SMEs along the lines considered conforming to the virtues of

sustainability.

Azila Azmi is Lecturer of Tourism in the Faculty of Hotel and Tourism

Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang. Her research interests are

cross-border tourism, shopping tourism, and tourism supply chain management.

Abu Bakar Webb is a practicing lawyer with his own legal firm in Miri, Sarawak,

Malaysia. He holds a Masters in Environmental Law. He is active in giving talks

and discussions on environmental legal issues in several universities, departments

and the social media.

Ugra Bawono is from Indonesia. He completed his undergraduate studies in

Indonesia and pursued his studies Masters in Business Administration at James

Cook University in Singapore.

Hamid Edruce are students in the Department of Tourism Management, Faculty

of Hotel and Tourism Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kampus

Puncak Alam, Selangor.

Arni Abdul Gani is Lecturer at the Department of Tourism Management

Universiti Teknologi MARA. She received her Master of Tourism from James

Cook University and currently a Ph.D. candidate at Universiti Putra Malaysia. Her

research interests include tourism in protected areas, sustainable tourism practices

and community participation in tourism.

Myra P. Gunawan is Researcher at the Tourism Planning and Development

Center, Bandung Institute of Technology and leader of consultant team in the

development of the Detailed Plan for Toraja. Myra P. Gunawan had also served as

the Deputy Minister of Culture and Tourism, Republic of Indonesia.

Nur Farihin Abd. Hadi Khan obtained her Masters in Tourism Management

from the Department of Hotel and Tourism Management at Universiti

Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. She is currently Lecturer at the Department of

Entrepreneurship and Business at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK). Her

Editors and Contributors xiii

research interests are in the area of tourism management and hospitality

management.

Suhaida Halamy is Lecturer in the Faculty of Information Management, UiTM

Sarawak, Malaysia. She teaches courses on records management and information

management. She has a great passion for the study of oral history and archives as a

part of her teaching field.

Ibrahim Abdul Hamid currently holds the position as Chief Executive Officer and

Dean at Kulliyyah of Hospitality and Halal Services, Insaniah University College.

He has a proffessional qualification from Corporate Member of Hotel Catering

Institutional Management Association (MHCIMA-UK).

MaisarahAbd Hamid is Lecturer of Faculty Hotel and Tourism Management in

UniversitiTeknologi MARA Terengganu, Malaysia. She currently a Ph.D. candi￾date at Graduate School of Business, UniversitiSains Malaysia, Penang Malaysia.

Her interest is on Tour operator involvement in sustainable tourism and tourism

marketing.

Mohd Hafiz Hanafiah obtained his Master of Economics from Universiti Malaya

in 2007. He is currently working as Senior Lecturer at the Department of Hotel and

Tourism Management at Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. He is currently

attending the Institute of Postgraduate Studies at Universiti Teknologi MARA

Malaysia, undertaking his Ph.D. in Tourism Economics. He has won several awards

in innovation competitions, presented numerous papers at academic conferences,

and continues to be an active researcher in the field of tourism economics, mar￾keting, and tourism planning.

Norha Abu Hanifah is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Law, Universiti

Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia. She holds a Doctorate in Biodiversity

Management. She teaches environmental law and is active in promoting environ￾mental awareness.

Mahesh Hapugoda MA is attached to the Department of Languages,

Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka and currently serves there as Senior

Lecturer in English. His research interests include Existential Literature,

Postcolonial Theory, Frankfurt School Thoughts, Modern Literary Criticism and

Zizek Studies and his interest in tourism literature derives from its early literary￾sociological foundations initiated by Dean MacCannell, Daniel J. Boorstin,

Jonathan Culler and others.

Mohamad Abdullah Hemdi Ph.D. is Associate Professor at the Faculty of Hotel

and Tourism Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. His research

interest is in the area of human resources management, particularly in the aspects of

hotel employees’ attitudes and work-related outcomes. He has published his works

in some international journals and conference proceedings. He is also the editorial

board members for the Journal of Hospitality, Tourism, and Culinary Arts and

Journal of Management and Science.

xiv Editors and Contributors

Sanerya Hendrawan is Lecturer in the Department of Business Administration,

Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia where he teaches

courses on strategic and business development. His research focuses on the strategic

development of business and entrepreneurship.

Syamsul Herman Ph.D. is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Recreation and

Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,

Selangor, Malaysia where he teaches courses on wildlife recreation, introduction to

outdoor recreation and tourism, principles of economics and recreation economic.

His research focuses on responsible rural tourism network in Malaysia.

Mohd Salmi Isa is a Senior Lecturer at Graduate School of Business. She gained a

PhD from the University of Hull in the United Kingdom. Having worked for past

years on the service marketing, recently she has been researchon sustainable

marketing surrounding Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), neuromarketing,

marketing innovation, green marketing and tourism marketing.

Mohd Noor Ismawi Ismail is Lecturer from the Department of Hotel and Tourism

Management at Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. He obtained his Master of

Science in International Hotel Management from the University of Surrey, United

Kingdom in 2009. His research interests are in the area of hospitality management,

boutique hotels, online bookings, customer satisfaction, and tourist’s intention

behavior.

Orpha Jane is Lecturer in the Department of Business Administration,

Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia where she tea￾ches courses on strategic and business development. Her research focuses on the

strategic development of business and entrepreneurship.

Yan Jiang is Associate Professor in the Department of Tourism, Zhejiang

International Studies University in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, where she

teaches courses on tourism psychology and tourism culture. Her research focuses

on urban leisure and tourism management. Yan Jiang received her Ph. D. from the

Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS).

Shazali Johari Ph.D. is Senior Lecturer, associated with the Faculty of Forestry,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. His research

focuses on community development and sustainable indigenous based tourism in

Malaysia.

Regina Jokom is Lecturer in Hotel Management Program, Petra Christian

University, Surabaya, Indonesia. She received her Master of Science (M.Sc.) in

Innovative Hospitality Management from Ramon Llull University, Spain. She

teaches on innovation and strategic management, and she focuses her research on

customer behavior at hotel and restaurant, and innovative in hospitality industry.

Editors and Contributors xv