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Springer Handbook of Auditory Research
For further volumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/2506
wwwwwwwwwww
Fan-Gang Zeng ● Arthur N. Popper
Richard R. Fay
Editors
Auditory Prostheses
New Horizons
Editors
Fan-Gang Zeng
University of California–Irvine
Department of Otolaryngology -
Head & Neck Surgery
Hearing & Speech Laboratory
Irvine, CA 92697
USA
Richard R. Fay
Marine Biological Laboratory
Woods Hole, MA 02543
USA
Arthur N. Popper
Department of Biology
University of Maryland
College Park, MD 20742
USA
ISBN 978-1-4419-9433-2 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-9434-9
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9434-9
Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2011934480
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011
All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written
permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York,
NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in
connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software,
or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden.
The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are
not identifi ed as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject
to proprietary rights.
Printed on acid-free paper
Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
We take pleasure in dedicating this volume to Dr. Robert V. Shannon, Director of
Auditory Implant Research at the House Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, in honor
of his contributions to and leadership in the fi eld of auditory prostheses for over
three decades. In addition, Bob has been a wonderful mentor, colleague, and friend.
Finally, we note that the publication of this volume coincides with Bob’s Award of
Merit from the Association for Research in Otolaryngology in 2011.
Fan-Gang Zeng, Arthur N. Popper, and Richard R. Fay
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vii
The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of comprehensive
and synthetic reviews of the fundamental topics in modern auditory research. The
volumes are aimed at all individuals with interests in hearing research including
advanced graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, and clinical investigators.
The volumes are intended to introduce new investigators to important aspects of
hearing science and to help established investigators to better understand the fundamental theories and data in fi elds of hearing that they may not normally follow
closely.
Each volume presents a particular topic comprehensively, and each serves as a
synthetic overview and guide to the literature. As such, the chapters present neither
exhaustive data reviews nor original research that has not yet appeared in peerreviewed journals. The volumes focus on topics that have developed a solid data and
conceptual foundation rather than on those for which a literature is only beginning
to develop. New research areas will be covered on a timely basis in the series as they
begin to mature.
Each volume in the series consists of a few substantial chapters on a particular
topic. In some cases, the topics will be ones of traditional interest for which there is a
substantial body of data and theory, such as auditory neuroanatomy (Vol. 1) and
neurophysiology (Vol. 2). Other volumes in the series deal with topics that have begun
to mature more recently, such as development, plasticity, and computational models
of neural processing. In many cases, the series editors are joined by a co-editor having
special expertise in the topic of the volume.
Richard R. Fay, Falmouth, MA
Arthur N. Popper, College Park, MD
Series Preface
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ix
There have been marked advances in the development and application of auditory
prostheses since the fi rst book on cochlear implants in this series, Cochlear Implants:
Auditory Prostheses and Electric Hearing (SHAR, Zeng, Popper, and Fay, 2004).
These advances include not only new approaches to cochlear implants themselves but
also new advances in implants that stimulate other parts of the auditory pathway,
including the middle ear and the central nervous system. This volume, then, provides
insight into the advances over the past 7 years and also examines a range of other current issues that concern complex processing of sounds by prosthetic device users.
Chapter 1 (Zeng) provides an overview of the volume, insights into the history of
development of prostheses, and thoughts about the future of this burgeoning fi eld.
In Chapter 2 , van Hoesel examines the natural extension from single to bilateral
cochlear implants. This is followed by Chapter 3 in which Turner and Gantz focus
on the improved performance of combined electro-acoustic stimulation over electric stimulation alone.
In the near term, implantable middle ear devices have satisfactorily fi lled a gap
between hearing aids and cochlear implants. Snik (Chap. 4 ) clearly delineates the
complex technological and medical scenarios under which implantable middle ear
devices can be used.
Dizziness and balance disorders are other major ear-related diseases that may
also be treated by electric stimulation but have received little attention until recently.
Golub, Phillips, and Rubinstein (Chap. 5 ) provide a thorough overview of the
pathology and dysfunction of the vestibular system as well as recent efforts and
progress in animal and engineering studies of vestibular implants.
New technologies are also being developed to advance signifi cant problems
associated with current cochlear implants that use electrodes inserted in the scala
tympani to stimulate the auditory nerve. Taking one approach, Richter and Matic
(Chap. 6 ) advocate an optical stimulation approach that should signifi cantly improve
spatial selectivity over the electric stimulation approach. This is followed by
Chapter 7by Middlebrooks and Snyder, which considers an alternative approach
that uses traditional electric stimulation but places the electrodes in direct contact
with the neural tissue to achieve selective stimulation.
Volume Preface
x
In patients lacking a functional cochlea or auditory nerve, higher auditory
structures have to be stimulated to restore hearing. McCreery and Otto (Chap. 8 )
present an account of research and development of cochlear nucleus auditory
prostheses or the auditory brainstem implants. This is followed by Chapter 9 by
Lim, M. Lenarz, and T. Lenarz, which discusses the scientifi c basis, engineering
design, and preliminary human clinical trial data of auditory midbrain implants.
While it is important to continue to develop innovative devices, it is equally
important to evaluate their outcomes properly and to understand why and how they
work. Sharma and Dorman (Chap. 10 ) review both deprivation-induced and experiencedependent cortical plasticity as a result of deafness and restoration of hearing via
cochlear implants, while Fu and Galvin (Chap. 11 ) document both the importance
and effectiveness of auditory training for cochlear implant users. The signifi cance is
considered further for understanding the development of language in children following
pediatric cochlear implantation in Chapter 12 by Ambrose, Hammes-Ganguly, and
Eisenberg. Still, music perception remains challenging to cochlear implant users.
McDermott (Chap. 13 ) reviews extensive research and recent progress in this area
and identifi es both design and psychophysical defi ciencies that contribute to poor
implant musical performance. Similarly, Xu and Zhou (Chap. 14 ) not only summarize acoustic cues in normal tonal language processing but also identify the design
and perceptual issues in implant tonal language processing. Finally, in Chapter 15 ,
Barone and Deguine examine multisensory processing in cochlear implants and
present future research and rehabilitation needs in this new direction.
The material in this volume very much relates to material in a large number of
previous SHAR volumes. Most notably, the aforementioned volume 20 has much
material that complements this volume. But, in addition, issues related to music
perception in patients with cochlear implants are considered in a number of chapters
in volume 26, Music Perception (Jones, Fay, and Popper, 2010) while computational
issues related to implants are discussed in chapters in volume 35 on Computational
Models of the Auditory System (Meddis, Lopez-Poveda, Popper, and Fay, 2010).
Finally, hearing impairment and intervention strategies in aging humans is considered at length in volume 34, The Aging Auditory System (Gordon-Salant, Frisina,
Popper, and Fay, 2010).
Fan-Gang Zeng, Irvine, CA
Arthur N. Popper, College Park, MD
Richard R. Fay, Falmouth, MA
xi
Contents
1 Advances in Auditory Prostheses........................................................... 1
Fan-Gang Zeng
2 Bilateral Cochlear Implants ................................................................... 13
Richard van Hoesel
3 Combining Acoustic and Electric Hearing ........................................... 59
Christopher W. Turner and Bruce J. Gantz
4 Implantable Hearing Devices for Conductive
and Sensorineural Hearing Impairment ............................................... 85
Ad Snik
5 Vestibular Implants ................................................................................. 109
Justin S. Golub, James O. Phillips, and Jay T. Rubinstein
6 Optical Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve ........................................... 135
Claus-Peter Richter and Agnella Izzo Matic
7 A Penetrating Auditory Nerve Array for Auditory Prosthesis ........... 157
John C. Middlebrooks and Russell L. Snyder
8 Cochlear Nucleus Auditory Prostheses ................................................. 179
Douglas B. McCreery and Steven R. Otto
9 Midbrain Auditory Prostheses ............................................................... 207
Hubert H. Lim, Minoo Lenarz, and Thomas Lenarz
10 Central Auditory System Development and Plasticity
After Cochlear Implantation ................................................................. 233
Anu Sharma and Michael Dorman
11 Auditory Training for Cochlear Implant Patients ............................... 257
Qian-Jie Fu and John J. Galvin III
xii Contents
12 Spoken and Written Communication Development
Following Pediatric Cochlear Implantation ......................................... 279
Sophie E. Ambrose, Dianne Hammes-Ganguly,
and Laurie S. Eisenberg
13 Music Perception ..................................................................................... 305
Hugh McDermott
14 Tonal Languages and Cochlear Implants ............................................. 341
Li Xu and Ning Zhou
15 Multisensory Processing in Cochlear Implant Listeners..................... 365
Pascal Barone and Olivier Deguine
Index ................................................................................................................. 383
xiii
Sophie E. Ambrose Center for Childhood Deafness , Boys Town National
Research Hospital , Omaha, NE , USA
Pascal Barone Université Toulouse, CerCo, Université Paul Sabatier 3 , Toulouse ,
France Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition UMR 5549, Faculté de
Médecine de Rangueil , Toulouse, Cedex 9 , France
Olivier Deguine Université Toulouse, CerCo, Université Paul Sabatier 3 ,
Toulouse , France
Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition UMR 5549, Faculté de Médecine de
Rangueil , Toulouse, Cedex 9 , France
Service d’Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Oto-Neurologie , Hopital Purpan ,
Toulouse, Cedex 9 , France
Michael Dorman Speech and Hearing Science , Arizona State University ,
Tempe , AZ , USA
Laurie S. Eisenberg Division of Communication and Auditory Neuroscience ,
House Ear Institute , Los Angeles, CA , USA
Qian-Jie Fu Division of Communication and Auditory Neuroscience ,
House Ear Institute , Los Angeles, CA , USA
John J. Galvin III Division of Communication and Auditory Neuroscience ,
House Ear Institute , Los Angeles, CA , USA
Contributors
xiv Contributors
Bruce J. Gantz Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery ,
University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA , USA
Justin S. Golub Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center ,
University of Washington , Seattle, WA , USA
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery ,
University of Washington , Seattle, WA , USA
Dianne Hammes-Ganguly Division of Communication and Auditory
Neuroscience , House Ear Institute , Los Angeles, CA , USA
Richard van Hoesel The Hearing CRC , University of Melbourne ,
Parkville, VIC , Australia
Minoo Lenarz Department of Otorhinolaryngology ,
Berlin Medical University – Charité , Berlin , Germany
Thomas Lenarz Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Hannover Medical
University , Hannover , Germany
Hubert H. Lim Department of Biomedical Engineering ,
University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
Agnella Izzo Matic Department of Otolaryngology, Feinberg School of
Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago, IL , USA
Douglas B. McCreery Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Neural
Engineering Program , Pasadena , CA , USA
Hugh McDermott The Bionic Ear Institute , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
Department of Otolaryngology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC ,
Australia
John C. Middlebrooks Departments of Otolaryngology, Neurobiology &
Behavior, and Cognitive Science , 404D Medical Sciences D, University of
California at Irvine , Irvine, CA , USA
Steven R. Otto The House Ear Institute , Los Angeles, CA , USA