Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology Episode 1 Part 6 pdf

104 Smith

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Living Chondrocyte Surface Structures With AFM 105

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9

Imaging Living Chondrocyte Surface Structures With

AFM Contact Mode

Gerlinde Bischoff, Anke Bernstein, David Wohlrab,

and Hans-Joachim Hein

1. Introduction

In its most established mode of operation, named constant force contact

mode, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been applied to image the 2D and

3D architecture of surfaces. Any deflection of the tip as a result of surface

topography is recorded. The microscope reconstructs an image of the surface

from the x, y, and z scan data to develop a 3D illustration of any surface at the

micro- and nanometer level. The production of high-resolution images of a

wide variety of biological samples at near-native conditions and the possibility

to measure very low local forces is proving to be a powerful tool for cell analy￾sis (1,2). In contrast with electron microscopy observations in particular, AFM

improves biological studies involving imaging by also monitoring dynamic

processes. However, the investigation of soft biomaterials with this special

method is still challenging. This chapter reviews practical details of imaging

two cell lines: human chondrocytes and human osteosarcoma. However, char￾acteristics described are not unique to this type of cell. Principally, all types of

adherently growing cells can be investigated with the techniques described

here. Force curve analysis, as a backdrop for the understanding of the received

images (1), will be introduced in detail in Subheading 3.4. Further sections

explore how AFM can be used as a helpful tool in observations of the cell

surface and the physical interactions that occur there, like adhesion or friction,

and their influence on the active cell. In Subheading 7. common artifacts and

troubles are described, along with the practical instructions.

From: Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 242: Atomic Force Microscopy: Biomedical Methods and Applications

Edited by: P. C. Braga and D. Ricci © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ