Assesing The Diversity And Density Of Passerine Birds In Tam Dao National Park

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This thesis was impossible without the support of various professors at Forestry

University and Colorado State University. I am grateful to my advisor Assoc. Professor Vu

Tien Thinh for giving me a constant support and enthusiasm guidance during the time of

research and writing of this thesis.

Thanks also go to Professor MacDonald for his support towards my thesis.

Special thanks to Mr. Thanh who actively helped and shared a lot of experience and

skill in field survey.

Finally, I would like to thank staffs in Tam Dao National Park and local people who

provide useful information and kind support.

Ha Noi, November 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................1

II. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................5

2.1. Goals...................................................................................................................................5

2.2. Objectives ...........................................................................................................................5

III. METHODS ..........................................................................................................................6

3.1. Study area ...........................................................................................................................6

3.2. Species descriptions............................................................................................................8

3.3. Data collection ..................................................................................................................11

3.3.1. Field survey...................................................................................................................11

IV. RESULT ............................................................................................................................17

4.1. Diversity of Passeriformes in TDNP ................................................................................17

4.2. Density of species.............................................................................................................21

4.2.1. Describing survey data.................................................................................................21

4.2.2. Modeling detection probability by distance method....................................................25

4.2.3. Estimating of species density.......................................................................................29

V. DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................................33

VI. CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................37

REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................39

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1. Location of TDNP ...................................................................................................8

Figure 3.2. Buff-breasted babbler (Pellorneum tickelli)............................................................9

Figure 3.3. Grey-throated babbler (Stachyris nigriceps) ...........................................................9

Figure 3.4. White-bellied yuhina (Erpornis zantholeuca)........................................................10

Figure 3.5. Grey-cheeked fulvetta (Alcippe morrisonia).........................................................10

Figure 3.6. Simulating objects detected in line transects.........................................................11

Figure 3.7. Distance estimation/measurement along transects................................................12

Figure 3.8. Graph of four standard functions used in Distance method. .................................14

Figure 4.1. Percentage of observation and hearing in Buff-breasted babbler group detection 23

Figure 4.2. Percentage of observation and hearing in Grey-throated babbler group detection24

Figure 4.3. Percentage of observation and hearing in White-bellied yuhina (erpornis) group

detection...................................................................................................................................24

Figure 4.4. Percentage of observation and hearing in Grey-cheeked fulvetta group detection......25

Figure 4.5. Detection probability functions of Buff-breasted babbler.....................................26

Figure 4.6. Detection probability functions of Grey-throated babbler ....................................27

Figure 4.7. Detection probability functions of White-ballied yuhina......................................28

Figure 4.8. Grey-cheeked fulvetta_Uniform function .............................................................29

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1. Field data sheet used to collect information ...........................................................13

Table 4.1. Passeriformes diversity in TDNP. ..........................................................................17

Table 4.2. Distance group division ..........................................................................................22

Table 4.3. Number and percentage of Observation and Hearing in detection species ............22

Table 4.4. Buff-breasted babbler_Functions’ parameters........................................................26

Table 4.5. Grey-throated babbler_Functions’ parameters .......................................................27

Table 4.6. White-ballied yuhina_Functions’ parameters.........................................................28

Table 4.7. Grey-cheeked fulvetta_Functions’ parameters.......................................................29

Table 4.8. Transect density of Buff-breasted babbler..............................................................30

Table 4.9. Transect density of Grey-throated babbler .............................................................30

Table 4.10. Transect density of White-bellied yuhina.............................................................31

Table 4.11. Transect density of Grey-cheeked fulvetta ...........................................................32

Table 4.12. Minimum, maximum and average density of each data set..................................32

Table 5.1. Detection probability comparison of four Passeriformes.......................................34