Áp dụng nguyên lí mâu thuẫn của Triz giảng bài tập sáng tạo về vật lí ở trường phổ thông

A P DUN G NGUYE N U MA U THUA N CU A TRI Z

GIAI BA I TAP SANG TAO VE VAT l i 0 TRUONG PHO THONG

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1. Nguyen li mau thuan trong TRIZ

Li thuyet gidi cdc bdi todn sdng che TRIZ

(phien dm h> tieng Nga: TPH3 -Teopua PewemiH

i H3o6peTaTejn>cKHx 3aaaq; thudt ngu tieng Anh:

Theory of inventive problem solving tips) ra ddi d

Lien Xd, do Genrikh Saulovich Altshuler (1926 -

1998) xdy dyng. Day Id li thuyet ve qua trinh

sdng tqo khoa hoc vdi cdch tiep can dya tren cdc

quy ludt phdt trien he thdng, nhdm xdy dyng ca

che dinh hudng trong tu duy sdng tqo; khdc phuc

nhuqc diem ca bdn cua phuong phdp thu vd sai

la thieu ca che djnh hudng tu duy ve phia Idi gidi,

Idm cho qua trinh tu duy mang tfnh chdt md mam.

Ca sd triet hoc cua TRIZ Id phep bien chung

duy vdt vdi ba quy ludt ca bdn: - Quy ludt chuyen

hda tu nhung sy thay ddi ve luqng thdnh nhung

sy thay ddi ve chdt vd nguqc Iqi; - Quy ludt phu

djnh cua phu djnh; - Quy ludt thdng nhdt vd ddu

tranh giua cdc mat ddi lap.

De d l dp dung phep bien chung trong thyc te,

cd the bieu diln sy phdt trien cua mdt ddi tuqng

(bdt ki) nhu mdt he thdng: He thdng d trqng thdi 1

(thdng nhdt cua cdc mat ddi lap), do sy van ddng

tuang tdc giua cdc mat ddi lap, trong he thdng

ndy sinh mdu thuan (sy khdng thdng nhdt cua cdc

mat ddi lap); mdu thuan duqc gidi quyet se dua

he thdng sang trqng thdi 2 (thdng nhdt mdi cua

cdc mat ddi lap) - trqng thdi 2 cd tinh mdi so vdi

trqng thdi 1. Cu nhu the khdng ket thuc - dd Id ca

che triet hoc cua sy phdt trien.

Sdng tqo tqo ra sy phdt trien vua cd tinh mdi

vua cd tinh ich Iqi nhd bd ndo con ngudi cung

khdng ndm ngodi ca che dd. Bdi todn sdng tqo

chinh Id bdi todn ndy sinh khi cd mdu thudn trong

he thdng, gidi bdi todn sdng tqo Id phdt hien

mdu thudn vd gidi quyet mdu thudn de dua he

thdng sang trqng thdi thdng nhdt mdi (tinh mdi),

ddp ung nhu cdu cua ngudi gidi - chu the sdng

tqo (tinh ich Iqi). TRIZ tim ra nhung cdng cy cy the

giup chii the phdt hien mdu thudn vd gidi quyet

Tap chi Giao due so 232 (•«• a • a/aoio)

O TS. NGUY§N OINH THUOC*

mdu thudn trong bdi todn sdng tqo. TRIZ phdn

biet ba loqi mdu thudn:

- /Vidu thuan hanh chinh (Administrative

Contradiction) Id mdu thudn giua «biet myc dich

can dqt" vd «khdng biet cdch dqt den myc dich".

Mdu thudn ndy tqo ra sy khdng rhdng nhdt: ngudi

gnai khdng cd duqc cdi minh mudn cd - day Id

bdi todn van de (bdi todn sdng tqo) cua ngudi

gidi, mdu thudn ndy Id mdu thudn ben ngodi

(be ndi).

- Mau thuan kT thuat (Technical Contradition)

duqc phdt bieu: bdng cdch Idm quen biet ndy de

gidi bdi todn thi mdt mat A ndo dd cua ddi tuqng

tdt len (duqc Iqi) - hieu ung duong nhung Iqi keo

theo mat B cua ddi tuqng bj xdu di (bj hqi) - hieu

ung dm; md hinh hda mdu thudn kl thudt: At—>Bi.

De gidi quyet mdu thudn kl thudt can luu y:

+ Khi dua ra Idi gidi Idm A cd hieu ung duang

can cd y thuc tim hieu lieu cd mat B ndo khdc

ddng thdi bj hieu ung dm khdng; + Neu phdn bj

hieu ung dm chdp nhdn duqc, bu tru duqc nhd

hieu ung duang thi ngudi gidi cd the su dyng

cdch Idm quen biet; tdt han Id sdng tqo cdch Idm

mdi sao cho hieu ung duang ddi vdi A khdng

Idm ndy sinh hieu ung dm d B; + Neu phdn bj

hieu ung dm khdng chdp nhdn duqc, khdng bu

tru duqc, ngudi gidi phdi tim cdch Idm mdi de

duqc hieu ung duang ddi vdi cd A Idn B.

- Mau thuan vgt li (Physical Contradition) Id

mdu thudn sdu sdc nhdt, Id cdi huyet cua bdi todn

duqc phdt bieu: He thdng phdi cd mat ndy (D)

dem Iqi Iqi ich ndy vd phdi cd mat dd'i lap cua

nd (-D) dem Iqi Iqi ich kia, trong khi hai mat (D)

vd (-D) Iqi loqi tru Idn nhau.

Gidi quyet mdu thudn vdt li Id Idm cho D vd

- D trd nen thdng nhdt cung tdn tqi song song tren

ddi tuqng, bd sung hd trq Idn nhau.

2. Phuang phdp chung gidi bdi todn sdng

tqo dya tren nguyen \'\ mdu thudn

Tu ca sd triet hoc vd phuang phdp ludn sdng

'Truong Dai hoc Vinh