Áp dụng dạy học theo góc, theo dự án, theo hợp đồng trong dạy học hoá học ở trường trung học phổ thông

AP ODNG DAY HOC THTO GOC, THEO DO AN, TOTO OOP OONG

TOONG DAY OOG ADA HOG 0 TOOONG TOONG HOG PHD THONG

.ov: O ThS. TRAN THI THU HUP

Phuong phdp dqy hge (PPDH) hdo hge (HH)

Id mdt he thd'ng da dgng. Cdc PPDH HH hien

dong duge su dyng (nhu: thuye't trinh, ddm

thogi...) edn hgn che phdt trien ndng lyc hgp tdc,

phdt hien gidi quyet vdn de, sdng tqo cho HS; vi

HS ehu yeu nghe, ghi bdi, Idm BT dp dyng. Thye

hien ddi mdi PPDH HH, ehu trgng phdt huy ndng

lyc phdt hien gidi quye't vdn de, ndng lyc hgp

tde, ndng lyc sdng tgo eua HS THPT, trong bdi

viet ndy, chung tdi de cdp viec hep cdn vd dp

dyng mdt so PPDH rfjeo HD, theo gdc, theo du dn

Irong dgy hge HH.

Hoc theo gdc Id mdt hinh thtfc td chuc hogt

ddng hge lap (HT) theo dd ngudi hge thye hien cdc

nhiem vu khde nhou loi vl tri cu the Irong khdng

gion Idphgc, ddp ung nhilu phong cdch hoc khde

nhau. Hge theo gdc HS dugc lya chgn hoqt ddng

vd phong cdch hge, cd co hdi khdm phd, ihyc hdnh

hda hge; md rdng, phdt trien, sdng tgo; dgc hieu

cdc nhiem vy vd hudng ddn bdng vdn bdn cua

GV; cd CO hdi cd nhdn ty dp dyng vd hdi nghiem.

Vdi mdi chu de, dqy hge theo hinh thifc ndy cd the

id chifc cdc gdc: gdc Phdn tich; gdc Thye nghiem,

gdc Quan sdt, gdc Ap dyng; Thdo luqn...

V? dy: Bdi 31 : Hidro clorua - axit clohidric

(2 liet, hit 50, 51 - Ldp 10 THPT), td ehtfc dqy hqc

nhu sou: Gdc I: Phdn tieh. HS dgc SGK HHIO

fim thdng tin trd Idi theo phieu HT. Gdc 2: Quon

sdt bdng hinh thi nghiem ve Hnh chdt HH cua

axil clohidric, rut ro cdc nhgn xet ve hien tugng,

gidi thfch, viet ede phuang trinh hod hge (PTHH).

Gdc 3: Thye nghiem. HS trye hep Idm nhtrng thi

nghiem don gidn ve oxit clohidric theo phieu

hudng ddn. Gdc 4: Ap dyng. HS trd Idi cdc cdu

hdi vd BT nhdm cung cd cdc kien thifc vtro thu

nhdn quo cdc gdc vtfo dugc thye hien.

Viee phdn chio cdc gdc theo cdc phong cdch

vd ndi dung HT HH khdng nhdt thiet phdi du tdt

cd 4 gdc nhu tren, md cd the linh hogt td chifc 2

hode 3 gdc tuy theo dieu kien vd ndi dung HT,

nhdm ddm bdo hoc sdu, thodi mdi.

Tap chi Giao due so 24 3 (ki i - 8/20101

Thye te dgy hge cho thdy, hge theo gdc kich

thfch HS tfch eye thdng quo hoqt ddng, phdt trien

dugc ndng lye phdt hien gidi quye't vd'n de, ndng

lyc sdng tqo; md rdng sy tham gio, ndng coo

hung thu vd cdm gidc thodi mdi, ddm bdo hge

sdu, hieu qud ben vtfng, tuong tdc mang tfnh cd

nhdn coo giifo thdy vd trd, trdnh finh Irqng ngudi

hoc phdi chd dgi. DH theo gdc trong mdn Hda

cd nhtfng diem tuong ddng vdi DH theo nhdm,

theo cdp vd mdt so phuong phdp, kT thudt, thu

thuqt DHHH khde. LTu diem cuo hge theo gdc frong

DH ndi chung vd DHHH ndi rieng Id GV cd the

gioo nhieu nhiem vy vdi cdc mtfc do vd ndng lyc

khde nhau theo Hrng ngi dung HT, mdi ed nhdn hr

hodn thdnh nhiem vy vdi sy tuong tdc cua GV vd

thdnh vien trong nhdm, phdt huy duge ndng lyc

hgp tde. Mdi gdc phdi chudn bj ddy du cdc

phuang tien ddp ifng ndi dung HT vd nhiem vy

cdc gdc cting hudng tdi myc lieu bdi hoc. DH

theo gdc trong HH ed the dp dyng cho nhieu dqng

bdi nhu: dqng bdi nhdm nguyen td vd chdt HH

cy the, dqng bdi luyen tdp vd ihyc hdnh, dqng

bdi If thuye't.

Hoc theo du dn Id phuong phdp HT mang

hnh xdy dyng, Irong dd ngudi hge hodn todn

chu dgng tham gia hoqi dgng dudi sy hudng

ddn cuo ngudi dgy, de tgo ra mdt sdn phdm

hoy vdn dyng cdc kien thtfc dd hge de hm hieu,

thye hdnh nghien cuu mdt vd'n de trong HT hay

gidi quye't mdt vdn de trong cude sd'ng. Ndi cdch

khde, hoc theo du dn Id mdt hoat ddng HT nhdm

tgo CO hdi cho ngudi hge td'ng hgp kie'n thue ttf

nhieu tTnh vyc HT vd dp dyng mgt cdch sdng tgo

vdo thye le cude sd'ng. Qud trinh hge theo du

dn gitip ngudi hge cung ed kien thue, xdy dyng

cdc kT ndng hgp tde, gioo hep vd HT doe top,

chudn bj hdnh trong HT sudt ddi cho ngudi hge.

Hge theo dy dn Id hogt ddng tim hieu sdu ve

mdt chu de cu the vdi muc tieu too co hdi de

' Tnroing THPT Phan Dinh Phung - Ha Npi

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