An ninh nguồn nước trong kỷ nguyên biến động

Hmt/iun/nMn/mdi/

viAn ninh nguon nu6c

trong Ecy nguyen bien dpng

O TS. NGUYEN THAI LAI

NguyBn Thif truing Bd Tai nguyen va M6i trudng

T

he giS hien nay dang bu ^

vdo mot 1^ nguyen mS, kj

nguyen ci!^ sii Hen dgng ve

nnolwih phat triln kinhtl, ve nguon

nu&tiTong bS canh BDKH, gia tang

cac mdu thuan trong khai thac, si3f

dung nguonnudc,.^ bidt la rigiiSn

nudc xuyen qu6c ga do nhu eau sCiT

dung nu ^ cQa moi quoc gia ngay

cang tdng (theo dii bao cOa To chCit;

Hdptac^va phattri^ kinh^, nhu cau

ve nu ^ >^o ndm 2050 se tang len

55%). Sii bi ^ dgng nay ^n g n ^

sinh nhOhg thach thLt to I6n dio san

x u ^ ddi song va an ninh toan cau.

Tlidch thiJt lien quan den nguon

nircic da ton tai xuyen sudt Ijdi sijf

phat trien c^a nhan loai. Nhung ngdy

nay, cac \ ^ de do dang ngay cang

trS nai cap bach, gay gat, mang tfnh

diien lu ^ va mang tam todn cau

hdn bao gid het

Thi^ntiS, do la vi nguon nu ^

tdc ddng tnJt ti ^ den dn^ lu^ng

cupc sdng cCia mdi ngu*di dan, tCflig

quoc gia. Stigia tang dan sdthe gidi

nhanh chong dang lam cho nhu cau

chinh yeu ve nudc, luwig tfiuc vd

nang luong tang len manh me.

Thithai, sii phu thuoc manh me

' vao nguon nudc, cac con song liei

quoc gia.

Tht^txi, qua trinh CNH vd do thi

I hoa manh me (feng idm suy thoai

, nguon nudc, trong khi viec suf dung,

ij quan \f nguon nudc vd xijf I]? cac

ji van de 6 nhilm chua duxJc coi trong

. thoa ddng.

. ThCr tw, BDKH dang lam t^o

cac thadi thOt v$ ngu6n nudc tr6

nen phut tap vd rat kho ludng.

BDKH 6a hien hOu, ddn den nhCing

diln bien thien tai tat thu'dig, cut:

doan v6S quy mo va cudng do ngdy

cang gia tang.

Vide bao dam an ninh nguon

nudc da trd thdnh mot trong nhiJng

uu tien hang diu c^a m6i quoc gia.

Nhieu phudng phap va each ti^p

can quan I? mdi ^ duxJC nghien cCiu

va Clhg dung nhu" phuxJng phap

qu^n \'f\mg hdp TNN, phuong phdp

quan ly nudc theo LVS, each ti^p

can theo he thong: Nude - ndng

luOng - lu'Ong thut, tid'p can tdng

tru6ngxanh. .

Tai Viet Nam, trong qua trinh

phdt trien KT-XH, da va dang phai

doi mat vdi nhijng thach thOt

nghiem trpng ve an ninh ngu6n

nudc. An ninh nguon nudc dang trci

thanh mot trong nhung thdch thOt

Idn cho tmJng lai. Trong pham vi

quoc gia, ngu6n nudc, he thong

song ngoi cOa Viet Nam la nd ganh

chju nhiing ddnh doi ro net nhat tii

cac hoat dpng phat trien KT-XH. Sii

bien dpng cOa he sinh thai song

nga tat yeu din den nhiJhg thay doi

lien hoan eOa moi trudng, tac dong

len he sinh thdi va cupc song con

ngudi. Nguon sinh ke truyen ^y6nQ

va nguon nudc phuc vu sinh hoat,

tudi tieu tCr bao ddi da bi giam sut

hode tham chi bien mat 6 nhieu ndi.

Ben canh do, sii phan bo khong

dong d^u va khan hiem nguon nudc

cung khien viec chia se, sCf dung

nguon nudc trong lu'u viiC mpt

each cong bang, hdp IJ giua cac dia

phuong, edc ben lien quantrSthanh

mpt thach thCit I6n doi vdi an ninh

ngu6n nudc.

De dat duOc mue tieu bao dam

an ninh nguon nude trong k^

nguyen bid'n dpng, Chinh phO Vidt

Nam dang n6 lut tap tmng vao cac

nhiem vu sau:

Hoan thien chinh sach, phap

ludt, chi^n luoc ve TNN nham nang

eao hieu lut, hieu qua cong tac quan

IJ, bao ve, khai thdc, alf dung nudc

hop ly, tiet kiem TNN vd phong

chong co hieu qua eae tac hai do

nudc gay ra.

Tang cudng hdp tac qua; te,

nha't la hdp tac vdi cac quoc gia 3

thuong nguon de aing bao ve, ctiia

se, khai thac cong t}ang, hieu qua

nguon TNN.

Tang cufdnQ cac bien phdp chCi

dpng thidi nghi, Qng pho vdi nhijng

diln bien cCia BDKH, nudc biln

dang vd vide SIJT dung nudc 6

thuong nguon cac luu vut song lien

quoc gia.

Day manh quy hoach, dieu tra

coban, quantrac, gam sat TNN, dac

biet la eae nguon nudc lien quoc gia.

Tang cuc»ig vai tro cCia KH&CN

va hdp tac tac quoc te trong viec bao

dam an ninh nguon nude, hieu qua

quan \f, si!f dung tong help TNN.

£)ay manh cong tdc tmyen

thong, giao due nang cao nhdn thOt

eCia xa hpi ve an ninh nguwi nudc,

trdch nhiem bao ve va SIJT dung

nguon nudc tiet kiem, hieu qua."

Tai nguyen vg M6i trydng | KYl-i-2-Thang1/2D16 ^^