An Assessment On The Effectiveness Of Forest Management In Ngoc Son Thanh Hoa Household Forest Certificate Group After Receiving Fsc Forest Management Certification

1

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

AND TRAINING

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE

AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY

TRANG LE THI HUYEN

AN ASSESSMENT ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FOREST

MANAGEMENT IN NGOC SON - THANH HOA

HOUSEHOLD FOREST CERTIFICATE GROUP AFTER

RECEIVING FSC FOREST MANAGEMENT

CERTIFICATION

MASTER THESIS IN FOREST SCIENCE

Hà Nội, 2022

2

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

AND TRAINING

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE

AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY

TRANG LE THI HUYEN

AN ASSESSMENT ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FOREST

MANAGEMENT IN NGOC SON - THANH HOA

HOUSEHOLD FOREST CERTIFICATE GROUP AFTER

RECEIVING FSC FOREST MANAGEMENT

CERTIFICATION

Major: Forest Science

Code: 8620201

MASTER THESIS IN FOREST SCIENCE

Academic advisor:

1. DUC DUONG TIEN, Ph.D.

2. HIEN CAO THI THU, Ph.D.

Ha Noi, 2022

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GUARANTEE

I hereby guarantee that this Thesis is my own work conducted under

the scientific instruction of Dr. Duong Tien Duc- General Director of the

Institute of Tropical Forest Research and Development and Dr. Cao Thi Thu

Hien- Vietnam National University of Forestry. The data and research results

in this thesis are true and don’t overlap with other topics. I hereby guarantee

to take full responsibility for this Thesis.

Ha Noi ……2022

Le Thi Huyen Trang

ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would never have been able to finish my graduation thesis without the

guidance of my supervisors, help from friends, colleagues, and support from

my sweet family. I would gratefully give acknowledgment of their support

and motivation during the time of doing this research.

First and foremost, I have thanks to my supervisor, Dr. Duong Tien

Duc - General Director of the Institute of Tropical Forest Research and

Development. Who trusted in me and was continuously supporting me in

every problem that occurred throughout the progress of this thesis. Without

his dedicated support at every step throughout the process, this thesis would

have never been accomplished.

I would gratefully give acknowledgment to the leaders and colleagues

of the Institute of Tropical Forest Research and Development for creating

favorable conditions for me in terms of time and support during the process of

studying and working here.

I would like to state my thanks to Dr. Cao Thi Thu Hien, who gave me

suggestions on how to shape the study and has always been most willing and

ready to give me valuable advice, helpful comments as well as correction of

my thesis. Thank you to the teachers at Vietnam National University of

Forestry, who helped me during my study at the school.

As of last, my special thanks approve to my parents, my brother, and

my sister for their endless love, care, and for having the most assistance and

motivation for me for the whole of my life. I also would like to explain my

thanks to my siblings, brothers, and sisters for their support and care for me

all the time.

Ha Noi ……2022

Le Thi Huyen Trang

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ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing

forest management after achieving the FSC forest management Certificate in

the Ngoc Son - Thanh Hoa household forest Certificate group. The number of

sample plots to be established at the study site is 12 plots (500m2

/plot) for

growth and yield assessment for 2 species: Indosasa amabilis and

Dendrocalamus membranaceus.

The total survey of 50 households growing I. amabilis and 50

households growing D. membranaceus in 02 communes Tam Thanh and Tam

Lu To assess the economic, social, and environmental efficiency. The results

showed that: D. Membranaceus has an average density of 209 clusters/ha, the

average number of trees/cluster is from 10 to 16 trees, the average number of

trees in the forest is 1.700 trees/ha, the average volume is 52,4 tons/ha and

good growth. The quality of I. amabilis forest has very good growth and high

yield with tree density of 7.487 trees/ha and reserve of 16,2 tons/ha. In 2021,

from planting I. amabilis and D. membranaceus, many households have

economic development, the income of 30 - 45 million/year, higher than in

2018 when there wasn’t a forest certificate.

But now, the market is still not stable, the price of I. amabilis and D.

membranaceus products with forest certificates is sold at market prices. In

2021, the price of I. amabilis and D. membranaceus products is 1,8

million/tons of I. amabilis and 1,1 million/tons of D. membranaceus. Ngoc

Son - Thanh Hoa household forest Certificate group after receiving FSC

forest Certification, which has ensured long-term business activities with high

productivity and efficiency, meet the needs of the local community, society,

economy, and environment in sustainable development.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1

Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................ 4

2.1. Awareness of sustainable forest management ........................................... 4

2.2. Sustainable development and sustainable management in the World ....... 5

2.2.1. Sustainable forest management .............................................................. 5

2.2.2. Forest certificate ................................................................................... 10

2.3. Sustainable forest management and forest certification in Vietnam ....... 12

2.3.1. Sustainable Development and sustainable forest management............ 12

2.3.2. Activities on sustainable forest management in Vietnam ..................... 15

Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................... 20

3.1. Study area................................................................................................. 20

3.1.1. Natural and socio-economic conditions of the Quan Son district........ 20

3.1.2. Natural and socio-economic conditions of the areas being provided

FSCTM forest certification ............................................................................... 21

3.1.3. General assessment of disadvantages and advantages in forestry

production and sustainable forest management of Ngoc Son - Thanh Hoa

household forest Certificate group. ................................................................ 23

3.2. Data collection and data analysis............................................................. 26

3.2.1. General method..................................................................................... 26

3.2.2. Detailed methods................................................................................... 27

3.2.3. Scientific and practical significance ..................................................... 32

Chapter 4 RESULTS .................................................................................... 33

4.1. The situation of forest management of Ngoc Son - Thanh Hoa household

forest Certificate group ................................................................................... 33

4.1.1. Growing and developing history of Indosasa amabilis, Endrocalamus

membranaceus forest in the project area........................................................ 33

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4.1.2. Production result of Ngoc Son - Thanh Hoa household forest

Certificate group in 5 years (2013 - 2017) (Before participating in forest

certification).................................................................................................... 37

4.1.3. Social impacts ....................................................................................... 42

4.1.4. The impacts on the environment ........................................................... 45

4.2. Results of sustainable forest management in Ngoc Son - Thanh Hoa

household forest Certificate group after receiving FSC Forest Management

Certification (2018-2021)................................................................................ 46

4.2.1. Implementation information.................................................................. 46

4.2.2. Growth and productivity of D. membranaceus and I. amabilis of Ngoc

Son - Thanh Hoa forest Certification group after receiving FSC Forest

Management Certification. ............................................................................. 48

4.3. Assess the economic, social, and environmental efficiency in Ngoc Son -

Thanh Hoa household forest Certificate group after achieving FSC-FM. ..... 54

4.3.1. Assess the economic efficiency............................................................. 54

4.3.2. Assess the social efficiency ................................................................... 61

4.3.3. Assess the environmental efficiency...................................................... 64

4.4. SWOT Analysis ....................................................................................... 66

4.5. Propose maintaining solutions and developing the efficiency in

sustainable forest management in Quan Son district, Thanh Hoa province ... 69

Chapter 5 CONCLUSIONS, LIMITATIONS, AND

RECOMMENDATION................................................................................ 72

REFERENCES.............................................................................................. 74

APPENDIX .................................................................................................... 77

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 3.1. Number of plots in each commune ................................................ 27

Table 3.2. Number of interviewers in each commune .................................... 29

Table 4.1. Production result of Ngoc Son - Thanh Hoa household forest

Certificate group in 5 years from 2013-2017 (before participating in forest

certification) .................................................................................................... 38

Table 4.2. Production result of Ngoc Son - Thanh Hoa household forest

Certificate group in 5 years from 2013 - 2017 (before participating in forest

certification) .................................................................................................... 40

Table 4.3. Statistics on the number of labor of Ngoc Son - Thanh Hoa

household forest Certificate group in 5 years (2013-2017) (before

participating in forest certification)................................................................. 44

Table 4.4. Stand characteristics of D. Membranaceus in the study area ........ 49

Table 4.5. Stand characteristics of I. amabilis in the study area..................... 50

Table 4.6. Annual growth volume of D. membranaceus forest (year/hectare)

of Ngoc Son - Thanh Hoa household forest Certificate group (2016-2021).. 52

Table 4.7. Annual growth volume on I. amabilis forest (year/hectare) of Ngoc

Son - Thanh Hoa household forest Certificate group (2016-2021)................ 53

Table 4.8. Statistics of harvesting reserves and average income of I. amabilis

and D. membranaceus (2018-2021)................................................................ 55

Table 4.9. Household Income Statistics from production I. amabilis and D.

membranaceus................................................................................................. 57

Table 4.10. Income of households after receiving FSC-FM........................... 59

Table 4.11. Labor of the household group in 2019-2021 ............................... 62

Table 4.12. Environmental impact assessment............................................... 64

Table 4.13. SWOT Analysis ........................................................................... 66

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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 3.1. Vegetation map of Ngoc Son - Thanh Hoa household forest

Certificate group.............................................................................................. 24

Figure 3.2. Interviewing households participating in forest certification....... 30

Figure 4.1. Some enterprises produce chopsticks and toothpicks in 2

communes Tam Lu and Tam Thanh ............................................................... 35

Figure 4.2. I. amabilis is processed in Tam Lu and Tam Thanh commune.... 37

Figure 4.3. Income structure during the period from 2013 - 2017 of Ngoc Son

- Thanh Hoa household forest Certificate group............................................. 41

Figure 4.4. Structure of Ngoc Son - Thanh Hoa household forest Certificate

group................................................................................................................ 47

Figure 4.5. Average annual growth on D. membranaceus forest of Ngoc Son -

Thanh Hoa household forest Certificate group (2016-2021).......................... 51

Figure 4.6. Average annual growth on I. amabilis forest of Ngoc Son - Thanh

Hoa household forest Certificate group (2016-2021)..................................... 51

Figure 4.7. Harvesting reserves and income from I. amabilis........................ 55

Figure 4.8. Harvesting reserves and income from D. membranaceus................ 56

Figure 4.9. Household income data from production I. amabilis................... 57

Figure 4.10. Household income data from production D. membranaceus. ... 58

Figure 4.11. Income of households planted I. amabilis.................................. 59

Figure 4.12. Income of households planted D. membranaceus.................... 60

Figure 4.13. Meeting Group in Tam Lu commune in 2020............................ 63