Advances in Biofuel Production: Algae and Aquatic Plants

ADVANCES IN

BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

Algae and Aquatic Plants

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ADVANCES IN

BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

Algae and Aquatic Plants

Edited by

Barnabas Gikonyo, PhD

Apple Academic Press

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BARNABAS GIKONYO, PhD

Barnabas Gikonyo graduated from Southern Illinois University Carbon￾dale, Illinois (2007) with a PhD in organic and materials chemistry. He

teaches organic and general chemistry classes plus corresponding labora￾tories and oversees the running of general chemistry labs. His research in￾terests range from application of various biocompatible polymeric materi￾als as “biomaterial bridging surfaces” for the repair of spinal cord injuries

to the use of osteoconductive cements for the repair of critical sized bone

defects/fractures to (currently) the development of alternative non-food

biofuels.

ABOUT THE EDITOR

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Acknowledgment and How to Cite .................................................. ix

List of Contributors ......................................................................... xi

Introduction ...................................................................................xvii

Part I: Introduction

1. Current Status and Prospects of Biodiesel Production from

Microalgae ................................................................................................... 1

Xiaodan Wu, Rongsheng Ruan, Zhenyi Du, and Yuhuan Liu

2. Sustainable Fuel from Algae: Challenges and New Directions ............ 21

Douglas Aitken and Blanca Antizar-Ladislao

Part II: Biofuel for Today

3. The Role of Bioenergy in a Fully Sustainable Global Energy

System ........................................................................................................ 73

Stijn Cornelissen, Michèle Koper, and Yvonne Y. Deng

4. Biofuel from Algae: Is It a Viable Alternative? .................................... 107

Firoz Alam, Abhijit Date, Roesfi ansjah Rasjidin, Saleh Mobin, Hazim Moria,

and Abdul Baqui

5. Comprehensive Evaluation of Algal Biofuel Production:

Experimental and Target Results .......................................................... 121

Colin M. Beal, Robert E. Hebner, Michael E. Webber, Rodney S. Ruoff,

A. Frank Seibert, and Carey W. King

6. Electromagnetic Biostimulation of Living Cultures for

Biotechnology, Biofuel, and Bioenergy Applications ........................... 155

Ryan W. Hunt, Andrey Zavalin, Ashish Bhatnagar, Senthil Chinnasamy,

and Keshav C. Das

7. Catalytic Transformations of Biomass-Derived Acids into

Advanced Biofuels .................................................................................. 213

Juan Carlos Serrano-Ruiz, Antonio Pineda, Alina Mariana Balu, Rafael Luque,

Juan Manuel Campelo, Antonio Angel Romero, and Jose Manuel Ramos-Fernández

CONTENTS

viii Contents

8. Use of Anion Exchange Resins for One-Step Processing of Algae

from Harvest to Biofuel ........................................................................ 233

Jessica Jones, Cheng-Han Lee, James Wang, and Martin Poenie

9. Microalgae Isolation and Selection for Prospective Biodiesel

Production ............................................................................................... 257

Van Thang Duong, Yan Li, Ekaterina Nowak, and Peer M. Schenk

Part III: Next Generation Research

10. Comparison of Next-Generation Sequencing Systems ........................ 279

Lin Liu, Yinhu Li, Siliang Li, Ni Hu, Yimin He, Ray Pong, Danni Lin,

Lihua Lu, and Maggie Law

11. Algal Functional Annotation Tool: A Web-Based Analysis Suite to

Functionally Interpret Large Gene Lists Using Integrated

Annotation and Expression Data .......................................................... 305

David Lopez, David Casero, Shawn J. Cokus, Sabeeha S. Merchant,

and Matteo Pellegrini

12. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Oleaginous Microalga

Neochloris oleoabundans Reveals Metabolic Insights into

Triacylglyceride Accumulation .............................................................. 325

Hamid Rismani-Yazdi, Berat Z. Haznedaroglu, Carol Hsin, and Jordan Peccia

Author Notes ........................................................................................... 359

Index ........................................................................................................ 363

ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND

HOW TO CITE

The chapters in this book were previously published in various places and

in various formats. By bringing them together here in one place, we offer

the reader a comprehensive perspective on recent investigations of biofuels

from algae and aquatic plants. Each chapter is added to and enriched by

being placed within the context of the larger investigative landscape.

We wish to thank the authors who made their research available for this

book, whether by granting their permission individually or by releasing

their research as open source articles. When citing information contained

within this book, please do the authors the courtesy of attributing them by

name, referring back to their original articles, using the credits provided at

the end of each chapter.

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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Douglas Aitken

Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh,

Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK

Firoz Alam

School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Plenty Road,

Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia

Blanca Antizar-Ladislao

Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edin￾burgh EH9 3JL, UK

Alina Mariana Balu

Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal

IV-A, Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain

Abdul Baqui

Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah,

Saudi Arabia

Colin M. Beal

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at

Austin, 1 University Station, C2200, Austin, TX 78712, USA and The Center for Electromechanics,

The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, R7000, Austin, TX 78712, USA

Ashish Bhatnagar

Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA

30602, USA

Juan Manuel Campelo

Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal

IV-A, Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain

David Casero

Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles,

CA, USA

xii List of Contributors

Senthil Chinnasamy

Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens,

GA 30602, USA

Shawn J Cokus

Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles,

CA, USA

Stijn Cornelissen

ZinInZin, van Koetsveldstraat 112, 3532 ET, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Keshav C. Das

Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens,

GA 30602, USA

Abhijit Date

School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Plenty Road,

Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia

Yvonne Y. Deng

Ecofys UK, 1 Alie St, London E1 8DE, United Kingdom.

Zhenyi Du

Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of

Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA

Van Thang Duong

Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of

Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia

Berat Z Haznedaroglu

Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Ave, New Ha￾ven, CT 06520, USA

Robert E. Hebner

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at

Austin, 1 University Station, C2200, Austin, TX 78712, USA and The Center for Electromechanics,

The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, R7000, Austin, TX 78712, USA

Carol Hsin

Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Ave, New Ha￾ven, CT 06520, USA

Ryan W. Hunt

Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA

30602, USA

List of Contributors xiii

Jessica Jones

Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA

Carey W. King

Center for International Energy and Environmental Policy, Jackson School of Geosciences, The Uni￾versity of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C9000, Austin, TX 78712, USA

Michèle Koper

Ecofys bv, P.O. Box 8408, 3503 RK Utrecht, The Netherlands

Maggie Law

NGS Sequencing Department, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), 4th Floor, Building 11, Beishan

Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518083, China

Cheng-Han Lee

Section of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin,

TX 78712, USA

Siliang Li

NGS Sequencing Department, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), 4th Floor, Building 11, Beishan

Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518083, China

Yan Li

Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of

Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia

Yinhu Li

NGS Sequencing Department, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), 4th Floor, Building 11, Beishan

Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518083, China

Lin Liu

NGS Sequencing Department, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), 4th Floor, Building 11, Beishan

Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518083, China

Yuhuan Liu

The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University,

Nanchang 330047, China and The Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, MOE, Nan￾chang University, Nanchang 330047, China

David Lopez

Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Rafael Luque

Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal

IV-A, Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain

xiv List of Contributors

Sabeeha S. Merchant

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA and

Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Saleh Mobin

Department of Higher Education Primary Industries, Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE (NMIT),

Epping, Melbourne, VIC 3076, Australia

Hazim Moria

School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Plenty Road,

Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia

Ekaterina Nowak

Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of

Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia

Jordan Peccia

Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Ave, New Ha￾ven, CT 06520, USA

Matteo Pellegrini

Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles,

CA, USA and Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Antonio Pineda

Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal

IV-A, Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain

Martin Poenie

Section of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin,

TX 78712, USA

Jose Manuel Ramos-Fernández

Dpto. Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Apto 99, E-03690 Alicante, Spain

Roesfiansjah Rasjidin

School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Plenty Road,

Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia

Hamid Rismani-Yazdi

Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Ave, New Ha￾ven, CT 06520, USA and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technol￾ogy, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

Antonio Angel Romero

Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal

IV-A, Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain