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.......................................................................................... 1 Vehicle structure

................................................................................ 1.1 Integral body construction

1.2 Engine, transmission and body structures .......................................................

......................................................................... 1.3 Fifth wheel coupling assembly

............................................................ 1.4 Trailer and caravan drawbar couplings

.................................................................................. 1.5 Semi-trailer landing gear

.............................................................. 1.6 Automatic chassis lubrication system

.............................................................................................. 2 Friction clutch

........................................................................................ 2.1 Clutch fundamentals

2.2 Angular driven plate cushioning and torsional damping ..................................

.................................................................................... 2.3 Clutch friction materials

2.4 Clutch drive and driven member inspection .....................................................

......................................................................................... 2.5 Clutch misalignment

............................................................................... 2.6 Pull type diaphragm clutch

..................................................................... 2.7 Multiplate diaphragm type clutch

................................................................. 2.8 Lipe rollway twin driven plate clutch

2.9 Spicer twin driven plate angle spring pull type clutch ......................................

..................................................................................... 2.10 Clutch (upshift) brake

2.11 Multiplate hydraulically operated automatic transmission clutches ................

.................................................................................... 2.12 Semicentrifugal clutch

................................................................... 2.13 Fully automatic centrifugal clutch

.............................................................. 2.14 Clutch pedal actuating mechanisms

2.15 Composite flywheel and integral single plate diaphragm clutch ....................

............................................................. 3 Manual gearboxes and overdrives

............................................................................. 3.1 The necessity for a gearbox

3.2 Five speed and reverse synchromesh gearboxes ...........................................

........................................................... 3.3 Gear synchronization and engagement

3.4 Remote controlled gear selection and engagement m ....................................

.............................................................. 3.5 Splitter and range change gearboxes

............................................................................. 3.6 Transfer box power take-off

................................................................................. 3.7 Overdrive considerations

............................................................................................ 3.8 Setting gear ratios

4 Hydrokinetic fluid couplings and torque converters ...............................

............................................................................. 4.1 Hydrokinetic fluid couplings

4.2 Hydrokinetic fluid coupling efficiency and torque capacity ...............................

....................................................................................... 4.3 Fluid friction coupling

4.4 Hydrokinetic three element torque converter ...................................................

4.5 Torque converter performance terminology .....................................................

.............................................................................................. 4.6 Overrun clutches

.................................................................. 4.7 Three stage hydrokinetic converter

4.8 Polyphase hydrokinetic torque converter .........................................................

4.9 Torque converter with lock-up and gear change friction clutches ....................

5 Semi- and fully automatic transmission ....................................................

............................................................. 5.1 Automatic transmission consideration

5.2 Four speed and reverse longitudinally mounted automatic transmission

........................................................................................... mechanical power flow

5.3 The fundamentals of a hydraulic control system ..............................................

5.4 Basic principle of a hydraulically controlled gearshift .......................................

5.5 Basic four speed hydraulic control system .......................................................

5.6 Three speed and reverse transaxle automatic transmission mechanical

.............................................................................................................. power flow

5.7 Hydraulic gear selection control components ..................................................

5.8 Hydraulic gear selection control operation .......................................................

5.9 The continuously variable belt and pulley transmission ...................................

5.10 Five speed automatic transmission with electronic-hydraulic control ............

5.11 Semi-automatic (manual gear change two pedal control) transmission

.................................................................................................................... system

6 Transmission bearings and constant velocity joints ...............................

................................................................................... 6.1 Rolling contact bearings

................................................................ 6.2 The need for constant velocity joints

............................................................................. 7 Final drive transmission

7.1 Crownwheel and pinion axle adjustments ........................................................

............................................................................................... 7.2 Differential locks

................................................................................ 7.3 Skid reducing differentials

.................................................................................... 7.4 Double reduction axles

.............................................................................................. 7.5 Two speed axles

........................................................................... 7.6 The third (central) differential

....................................................................... 7.7 Four wheel drive arrangements

............................................................. 7.8 Electro-hydralic limited slip differential

7.9 Tyre grip when braking and accelerating with good and poor road

.................................................................................................................surfaces

.................................................................................. 7.10 Traction control system

.............................................................................................................8 Tyres

........................................................... 8.1 Tractive and braking properties of tyres

.................................................................................................. 8.2 Tyre materials

............................................................................................. 8.3 Tyre tread design

........................................................................... 8.4 Cornering properties of tyres

.......................................................... 8.5 Vehicle steady state directional stability

............................................................................... 8.6 Tyre marking identification

.............................................................................................. 8.7 Wheel balancing

........................................................................................................ 9 Steering

............................................................. 9.1 Steering gearbox fundamental design

.............................................................. 9.2 The need for power assisted steering

............................................................. 9.3 Steering linkage ball and socket joints

.......................................................... 9.4 Steering geometry and wheel alignment

.......................................................................... 9.5 Variable-ratio rack and pinion

9.6 Speed sensitive rack and pinion power assisted steering ...............................

9.7 Rack and pinion electric power assisted steering ............................................

................................................................................................ 10 Suspension

.................................................................................... 10.1 Suspension geometry

.................................................................................. 10.2 Suspension roll centres

.............................................................................. 10.3 Body roll stability analysis

........................................................................ 10.4 Anti-roll bars and roll stiffness

.............................................................. 10.5 rubber spring bump or limiting stops

................................................................................................... 10.6 Axle location

..................................................................... 10.7 Rear suspension arrangements

.................................................................. 10.8 Suspension design consideration

.................................................................................... 10.9 Hydrogen suspension

10.10 Hydropneumatic automatic height correction suspension ...........................

10.11 Commercial vehicle axle beam location .......................................................

10.12 Variable rate leaf suspension springs.........................................................

......................................................................... 10.13 Tandem and tri-axle bogies

........................................................................... 10.14 Rubber spring suspension

10.15 Air suspensions for commercial vehicles .....................................................

10.16 Lift axle tandem or tri-axle suspension ........................................................

........................................................................................ 10.17 Active suspension

10.18 Electronic controlled pneumatic (air) suspension for on and off road use...

............................................................................................. 11 Brake system

..................................................................................................... 11.1 Braking fun

................................................................ 11.2 Brake shoe and pad fundamentals

............................................................ 11.3 Brake shoe expanders and adjusters

........................................................... 11.4 Disc brake pad support arrangements

................................................................. 11.5 Dual- or split-line braking systems

........................................................................................ 11.6 Apportional braking

..................................................................... 11.7 Antilocking brake system (ABS)

.................................................................................................. 11.8 Brake servos

11.9 Pneumatic operated disk brakes (for trucks and trailers) ...............................

12 Air operated power brake equipment and vehicle retarders .................

............................................................... 12.1 Introductions to air powered brakes

................................................................ 12.2 Air operated power brake systems

............................................................. 12.3 Air operated power brake equipment

............................................................................................ 12.4 Vehicle retarders

.......................................................................... 12.5 Electronic-pneumatic brakes

.................................................................................. 13 Vehicle refrigeration

........................................................................................ 13.1 Refrigeration terms

13.2 Principles of a vapour-compression cycle refrigeration system .....................

................................................................. 13.3 Refrigeration system components

13.4 Vapour-compression cycle refrigeration system with reverse cycle

............................................................................................................... defrosting

..................................................................... 14 Vehicle body aerodynamics

....................................................................... 14.1 Viscous air flow fundamentals

.......................................................................................... 14.2 Aerodynamic drag

............................................................................................. 14.3 Aerodynamic lift

................................................................................ 14.4 Car body drag reduction

.................................................................................. 14.5 Aerodynamic lift control

............................................................................................... 14.6 Afterbody drag

14.7 Commercial vehicle aeordynamic fundamentals ...........................................

14.8 Commercial vehicle drag reducing devices ...................................................

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