ACT_Exam_Success.pdf

LearningExpress ® ’ s

ACT™

EXAM SUCCESS

In Only 6 Steps!

NEW YORK

®

Copyright © 2003 LearningExpress, LLC.

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions.

Published in the United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

ACT success / Elizabeth Chesla . . . [et al.]—1st ed.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 1-57685-436-1 (pbk. : alk. paper)

1. ACT Assessment—Study guides. I. Chesla, Elizabeth L.

LB2353.48 .A293 2003

378.1'6621—dc21 2002015278

Printed in the United States of America

987654321

First Edition

ISBN 1-57685-436-1

For more information or to place an order, contact LearningExpress at:

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Or visit us at:

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About the Authors

Elizabeth Chesla is the author of TOEFL Exam Success and many other writing and reading guides and test

preparation books. She lives in South Orange, New Jersey.

Nancy Hirsch is a writer and education editor in New York, New York.

Melinda Grove is a high school math teacher from New Britain, Connecticut.

Jelena Matic is a doctoral candidate for chemical engineering at Polytechnic University, in Brooklyn, New

York. She works as an adjunct instructor of chemistry and has written for McGraw-Hill’s Chemical Engi￾neering.

Kurt Haste,Julie Barker, and Carol Ivers are high school science teachers in the Cheshire Public School Dis￾trict in Cheshire, Connecticut.

CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1

CHAPTER 2 ACT Assessment Study Skills and Test-Taking Strategies 13

CHAPTER 3 ACT English Test Practice 31

CHAPTER 4 ACT Math Test Practice 131

CHAPTER 5 ACT Reading Test Practice 203

CHAPTER 6 ACT Science Reasoning Test Practice 249

APPENDIX Additional ACT Resources 327

Contents

v

Part 1: Introduction to the ACT Assessment

Taking the ACT Assessment or SAT exam as a part of the college admissions process is a rite of passage for

millions of teenagers across the country and in many parts of the world. It is probably not something you look

forward to, but it cannot and should not be avoided for long.

Why the ACT, Why Me?

Because of the simple fact that high school standards and quality vary widely, colleges look to standardized

tests to level the playing field for all students. Unlike the SAT, the aim of the ACT is to test what you have

learned in high school. It is not an “aptitude” test, as the SAT claims to be, nor is it an intelligence test. So if

you have taken challenging courses in high school, you have already set the foundation to do well on the ACT.

Your score on the ACT is used in conjunction with other factors including grades, application essays and

extracurricular activities to help colleges decide on whom to admit. Different schools give different weight

to the importance of ACT scores, but a high score can only help you get into the college of your choice.

CHAPTER

Introduction

The ACT Assessment® is an important exam; so the more you know

about it, the better off you will be in the end. This chapter will intro￾duce you to the essentials of the ACT and all of its separate parts.

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ACT vs. SAT

The SAT has gotten a lot of bad press in recent years, and talk has turned to altogether eliminating stan￾dardized testing from college admissions. ACT has long avoided much of this controversy, partly because

it does not claim to test aptitude or forecast your ability to do well in college—both very subjective fac￾tors. For the same reason, many educators and students alike prefer the ACT to the SAT, as they judge

it to be a fairer test of students’ knowledge.

Subjective opinions aside, there are some concrete differences between the SAT and the ACT:

■ The ACT tests limited vocabulary.

■ The ACT tests trigonometry, English grammar, and science reasoning.

■ All ACT questions are multiple-choice.

■ Points are not deducted for incorrect answers on the ACT.

■ Colleges can view all SAT scores, while students can send their best ACT scores.

2

Who Takes the ACT?

If you are planning on attending college, chances are you are going to have to take either the SAT or ACT in

order to even apply to almost any school. Historically, the ACT has been more popular with schools in the

Midwest and West, while the SAT has been the test of choice for students on the East and West Coasts. The

popularity of the ACT all over the country has been growing, in part because it is seen as fairer than the SAT

in testing students’ knowledge. Today, nearly every college accepts ACT scores and many educators and stu￾dents alike prefer the ACT because its content more closely matches what is actually taught in school.

When to Take the ACT

The first step in preparing for the ACT is to decide on the date you want to take the test. Your application must

be postmarked by the registration deadline, and the cost for normal registration is $24 ($27 in Florida and

$40 outside the United States), which includes the reporting of your scores to four colleges. If you miss the

deadline, you can still take the test, but you must pay an additional fee of $15. If you manage to miss both

the original deadline and the late deadline, there is still hope. You can go standby and hope to get a spot by

just showing up early (with an extra $40, in addition to the late fees).

2003/2004 Dates

For a complete update of future dates beyond those listed below, log onto www.act.org.

April 12, 2003

Registration deadline: March 7, 2003; late fee applies: March 21, 2003

June 14, 2003

Registration deadline: May 9, 2003; late fee applies: May 23, 2003

It is never too early to start preparing for the ACT. In fact, choosing which courses to take in school should

be your very first test-prep step. Taking a demanding course load is the best way to begin to prepare. And

remember that colleges take into account the courses you choose, too, regardless of your ACT score.

When to Start Studying

3

September 27, 2003

(available only in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana,

Maryland, Nevada, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas,

and Washington)

Registration deadline: August 22, 2003; late fee applies: September 5,

2003

October 25, 2003

Registration deadline: September 19, 2003; late fee applies: October 3,

2003

December 13, 2003

Registration deadline: November 7, 2003; late fee applies: November 20,

2003

February 7, 2004

(test not available in New York)

Registration deadline: January 2, 2004; late fee applies: January 16, 2004

April 3, 2004

Registration deadline: February 27, 2004; late fee applies: March 12,

2004

June 12, 2004

Registration deadline: May 7, 2004; late fee applies: May 21, 2004

How to Sign Up

If you have never registered to take the ACT before, there are two ways to do it. You can either register online

or fill out the forms found in the student packet, which is available at your guidance office or by contacting

ACT directly (see contact information). If you have taken the test within the last two years, you can re-reg￾ister by phone.

1. Student Registration Form

Even if you plan on registering online for the ACT, you should still pick up a copy of the student regis￾tration form. In it you will find important information such as test center codes, testing information,

and a practice test. You must register through the paper student packet if:

■ You plan on taking the test outside the United States or

■ You are requesting special accommodations because of a disability or

Making Changes to Your Registration

If you must change your test date or location, you should call ACT at 319-337-1270 (between 8:00 A.M.

and 8:00 P.M. Central time, Monday through Friday) before the late deadline for the test you are taking.

You will need to provide your Social Security Number, test date, and code number for the test center you

are choosing.

ACT will charge you $15 to change your test location or date (plus an additional $15 if you make a

change after the registration deadline of the new date you are choosing), so be sure to have a VISA® or

MasterCard® handy when you make the call.

If you are registered to take the test and miss all the deadlines to change your test date or location,

you can try your luck by just showing up. If there is still space once all the registered students have been

seated, you will be given a spot before the standby students. ACT will charge you $15 to change loca￾tion and $30 to take the test on a different date. Remember to bring your admission ticket with you.

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■ You would like to request a fee waiver or are using a state-funded voucher to cover the basic fee or

■ You are currently enrolled in grades 6, 7, 8, or 9

If you are taking the ACT outside the United States, you should contact ACT directly for the appro￾priate registration materials. In general, the testing dates remain the same, but fees are higher. You

must register with the supervisor of the test center where you choose to take the ACT on or before the

Friday two weeks before the test date you choose.

2. Online Registration

You can register online to take the test by going to the ACT website (www.act.org). The whole process

should take about an hour or an hour and a half, but you do not have to do it all in one sitting. Once

you log on to the site, you get a password and you will be able to work on your registration as often as

you need to for the next 72 hours. Registering online for the ACT costs the same, and the process is

shortened by the time your registration would spend going through the mail.

To register online you must pay with a VISA® or MasterCard®, and your online registration still has

to be completed by midnight of the registration deadline. It is a good idea to print out a copy of your

online registration for your own records since the only thing you will receive from ACT is your admis￾sion ticket (which should arrive in one or two weeks).

Part 2: About the ACT Assessment ®

What’s On the Test

The simple answer to the question of what is tested on the ACT is: reading comprehension, English, math,

and science reasoning (see the overview of the four sections on page 10 for a detailed description of the sub-

jects covered). This does not mean that you will ace the test if you have somehow managed to memorize every

grammar rule, math equation, and scientific formula you were ever taught in school.

The ACT also tests how well you are able to infer the answer to a given question from the information

presented on the test. This requires you to think about a question in a specific way, rather than simply regur￾gitate facts. You will learn how to do this through practice questions and specific pointers presented later in

the book. On the bright side, if you did manage to get through your classes without memorizing every fact

you were taught, that will not keep you from doing well on the ACT.

Length

Be prepared for about three hours of total testing time, not including short breaks between sections. The

entire test is made up of 215 questions broken down as follows:

■ English test: 75 questions in 45 minutes

■ Math test: 60 questions in 60 minutes

■ Reading test: 40 questions in 35 minutes

■ Science Reasoning test: 40 questions in 35 minutes

Format

The ACT is broken into four different tests that, while taken on the same day, are totally separate. You are given

a specified amount of time to complete each test, and you cannot return to other tests once the time for that

specific test is up. The format of the reading, math, and science reasoning tests is very straightforward: a prob￾lem or a piece of information is presented and followed by a multiple-choice question. The English test may

look a little more complicated, with its underlined passages and boxed numbers, but once you are used to the

types of questions you will encounter (through practice questions in this book), you will realize they are just

as straightforward. The format of the ACT never varies. Once you familiarize yourself with the question types,

you will know exactly what to expect.

MULTIPLE-CHOICE

The ACT Assessment Test is made up entirely of multiple-choice questions. Each question on the English,

reading, and science reasoning tests has four possible answers; the questions on the math test have five pos￾sible answers.

ENGLISH

Five prose passages of varying lengths make up the ACT English Test. The format of the questions that fol￾low each passage are a bit more complicated than the Reading Test questions, although they are still multi￾ple-choice. Each question is numbered and refers to the corresponding numbered section in the text. Most

questions correspond to an underlined or numbered portion of the text, and you are asked to choose the best

answer from the group, including the option “no change.” Some questions, however, refer to the text as a whole

and are clearly noted as such.

–INTRODUCTION–

5

MATH

The ACT Math Test is made up of 60 multiple-choice questions, each of which refers to a graph, chart, word

problem, or straight equation. In some instances, more than one question may be asked about the same

problem.

READING

The ACT Reading Test consists of four prose passages that are about 800 words long, and each passage is fol￾lowed by ten multiple-choice test questions. The passages are identified by a heading that will tell you what

type of text you are about to read (fiction, for example), who the author is, and might also give you more

information to help you understand the passage. The lines of the passage are numbered to identify sections

of the text in the questions that follow.

SCIENCE REASONING

The 40 multiple-choice questions on the ACT Science Reasoning Test refer to seven sets of scientific infor￾mation. This information appears in three different formats: data representation (graphs, tables, and other

diagrams), research summaries (descriptions of scientific experiments), and conflicting viewpoints (differ￾ing scientific hypotheses or opinions).

Strategy Overview

The best way to attack the different sections of the ACT depends on both your own test-taking style and the

subject section of the ACT itself. Detailed strategies for each part of the ACT will be covered later in this book,

but some basic points can be applied to the test as a whole (see more specific strategies in Chapter 2 of this

book).

■ Take notes on the test.

Mark up the test booklet as much as you need to as you take the ACT. If you find something that looks

important, underline it, make notes in the margins, circle facts, cross out answers you know are wrong,

and draw diagrams. Even if you use a calculator on the math test, you should still work out the problem

on the test itself. This will help you spot careless errors.

■ Answer questions on the test booklet.

Circle the answers for all the questions in one section of the test before you transfer them to the answer

sheet (for the English and reading tests, transfer your answers after each passage, and for the math trans￾fer them at the end of each page). This serves two purposes: first, it allows you to concentrate on choos￾ing the right answer and not filling in ovals. Second, it will keep you from skipping an oval and

misnumbering your entire test if you decide to come back to a difficult question later.

■ Never leave an answer blank.

ACT does not deduct points for wrong answers. This means there is no penalty for guessing. With this in

mind, you should absolutely answer every question, even if it is a total guess. If you do come across a ques￾tion that completely stumps you, look through the answers and try to find at least one that you know is

–INTRODUCTION–

6

wrong. The more answers you can eliminate, the better the odds that your guess will end up being the cor￾rect answer. (See specific strategies for answering multiple-choice questions on page 23.)

■ Know what to do before the test.

The directions for each section of the ACT never change, so you should familiarize yourself with them

before the exam. The directions for all four tests are provided in the relevant sections of this book. If you

study them carefully before you take the test, it will save you time when it counts—on the test date.

■ Read each question carefully.

It is all too easy when you are pressed for time to misread a question and get the answer wrong. Missing

a word like “except” can lead you to answer the question incorrectly. All parts of the ACT except for the

math section ask you to choose the “best” answer. Be sure you read and understand each question before

you try to answer it.

■ Read all the answers.

If one answer jumps out at you and you are sure it is right, read all the other answers anyway. Something

may seem right just because the ACT has put it there to make you think it is the right answer. Spend the

time to at least quickly go through all the answers.

■ Answer the easiest questions first.

Questions are not in order of difficulty on the ACT, but you should still answer the easiest questions first.

If you come across a question that seems too hard, skip it and come back later (be sure to circle it on the

test book).

■ Pace yourself.

With the practice questions, you will get a good idea of how long you have to answer each question.

Answer the easy questions first. If you find one question is taking too long, circle it in the test book and

come back to it later. (Remember to leave space on the answer sheet so your answers are in the right order.)

■ Ignore all distractions.

You may have tried to recreate the exact test-taking atmosphere during your practice exams. But when you

go for the real thing you will be in a room with many other people—maybe even someone with a cold

who is sneezing or coughing, or an ex-boyfriend or ex-girlfriend you don’t want to talk to. Ignore it all

and concentrate on your test.

■ Do not talk about the test during the break.

The temptation is huge to talk about particularly hard questions you are sure you blew. Resist! You have

no idea if the person you are talking to got the same questions right or wrong. This will only rattle your

nerves. Instead find someplace quiet and eat the snack you brought with you until the test starts up again.

■ Spot-check your answers.

Because you have been marking the correct answers on the test pages before transferring them to the

answer sheet, you can pick a few questions at random to make sure that you have filled in the right ovals

on the answer sheet.

■ Relax.

Take a deep breath. Put everything in perspective; this is just one factor that goes into how colleges decide

their admissions. If you totally blow it, you can always take the test again. In fact, you probably should take

the test a second time. Give yourself a pep talk, you are prepared, you know exactly what to expect.

–INTRODUCTION–

7

Scoring the ACT

The way that ACT arrives at your test scores is more complicated than their just adding up your correct

answers. The first thing they do is take the number of correct answers on each test and then convert them to

scale scores, which allow each test, regardless of the number of questions, to have the same range: 1 being the

lowest and 36 being the highest. The composite score is the average of all four scores, rounded off to the near￾est whole number. The average ACT score in 2001 was 21, and only one student in 12,000 scored a perfect

36 that year.

SUBSCORES

The seven subscores break down the English, math, and reading scores into more specific subject-area scores.

These scores are made up of the questions on each test that apply to that specific area. Two subscores are

reported for the Reading Test: a social studies/sciences reading skills score and an arts/literature reading skills

score. Two subscores are also reported for the English Test: usage/mechanics and rhetorical skills. The Math

Test includes three subscores: pre-algebra and elementary algebra, intermediate algebra and coordinate geom￾etry, and plane geometry and trigonometry. There are no subscores for the Science Reasoning Test; only the

main score is reported. These subscores are computed the same way as the main scores, but on a different

scale: 1 being the lowest and 18 the highest.

Score Reporting

The ACT puts together three different score reports: the High School Report, the Student Report, and the Col￾lege Report. If you include your high school code when you register for the test, ACT mails a copy of your

High School Report to your high school counselor for your school records. They also automatically mail a

copy of your Student Report to your school. ACT will send your scores to your home if your high school

requests they do so or if your scores are reported from May through August.

When you register for the test, you may choose up to six colleges or scholarships to receive a copy of the

College Report. The College Report also includes grades you reported in up to 30 high school courses and

possibly predictions about your performance in college programs and courses.

If you plan on taking the ACT more than once (which you should), do not have the ACT automatically

send your tests to any schools. This way, the schools you choose will see only your best score. It will cost you

a little extra to send the scores separately, but it is worth it. You can expect to receive your scores four to seven

weeks after you take the test.

Part 3: How to Use This Book

Like it or not, an important factor in whether you are going to get into the college of your choice is decided

by how well you perform on the ACT. You have made an important first step in ensuring you will get the high￾est score possible by buying this book, but now what? ACT Exam Success will guide you through the entire

process of taking the ACT, from how to register to what to bring with you to the test center. More specifically,

ACT Exam Success will:

–INTRODUCTION–

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■ explain the format of each section of the ACT.

■ offer specific test-taking strategies that you can use on the exam.

■ help you identify the areas on which you need to concentrate your study time.

■ provide exercises that help you build the basic skills and practice the test-taking strategies you learn in

each section.

Remember that many factors go into getting into the school of your choice, but your score on the ACT

is the easiest to improve.

Preparing for the ACT

Your approach to preparing for the ACT will be different from the way you have studied for any other test in

the past. Because of this, it is important to adjust your study habits to get the most out of the time you have

to prepare. In later chapters of this book, you will find detailed explanations of how to best manage your study

time. Cramming for the ACT is likely to do you very little good, which is why this book will help you to iden￾tify what you need to study, create a study plan, and help you stick with it.

One of the simplest ways to prepare for the ACT is to go into the exam knowing exactly what to expect.

To this end, ACT Exam Success provides the complete instructions to all sections of the ACT broken down

and explained clearly, as well as numerous practice questions that follow the same format as those on the ACT.

Once you have worked through the sample questions, nothing on the ACT will surprise you.

Standardized exams like the ACT end up testing more than just what you have learned in school; they

also test how good of a test taker you are. In the following chapters, you will learn how to increase your

chances of getting test questions right, even if you do not necessarily know the answer. You will also get point￾ers on how to spot misleading answers, how to identify what the questions are really asking, and how to pace

yourself so you do not run out of time.

Using Test-prep Books

A trip to the local library or bookstore proves that there are plenty of test-prep books out there. Most of these

books focus on sample tests as a means of preparing you for the ACT. It is important to take as many prac￾tice tests as you realistically can (a free sample test is included in the ACT registration booklet available from

your guidance office), and this book can help you learn from the results of these tests.

For Remediation

Each chapter of this book includes a skill assessment, which will allow you to pinpoint areas you need to focus

on to improve your score. Armed with this information, you can create a study plan (see Creating a Study

Plan, page 17), that will devote more time to areas that need extra work.

To Boost Your Score a Second Time

Most students take the ACT more than once, and more than half improve their scores. Unless you are

absolutely thrilled with your score, you suffer from uncontrollable test anxiety, or time will not permit it, you

–INTRODUCTION–

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