60 năm sử dụng vaccin sốt bại liệt

so ndm sit dung

sot bai liet

^#nh stft bai li#t Id m^t

"ong nhOt^ b^nh do m$t

^vinis gdy ra d ngU&i, da

duuc nglii&n cljiu sdu r^ng tCf ndm

1909 vS mdt ldm sdi^ vd dich tl hoc.

Vdo nkm 187X, A. Vulpian,

chuydn gia thSn kinh Phdp da

nhdn dinh "b$nh bai li$t teo co ndy

Id m$t b^nh nhilm triing cdp, lan

todn thdn. Viim nhilm khu trU d

mOt viing cua tuy sd'ng".

Vdo ddu th^ ky XX, b§nh sdt bai

ti$t trd em biing phdt. Dudi dp lUc

cOa ddn chung, cQng vdi nghidn cdu

vd virus cd nhiSu tid'n bO, cdc nhd

khoa hpc dd cd th^ nudi cdy virus.

Vaccin Polio dd dUpc sdn xufi't vd

dd dem l^i k^Tt qud vugt bdc: b$nh

stft b ^ li$t (Polio) dU*?c dSy liii vd

lo^ trd hdn d mOt stf qutfc gia trong

ldc phucmg phdp dilu tri vSn chua

ddp dng.

df b$nh nhdn stft bai li^t, cdc

t^ bdo vdn dOng cda h$ thin kinh

trung Udng hi tidu hiSy, gdy bai li$t

cdc chi vd h$ htf hfi^p cung bi tdn

cdng. Cd hai t ^ ttfn thucmg trin

ctf thtf phffi h ^ vd gdy td vong.

Trudc khi dp dvmg vaccin chiing

ngCra, cdc nddc Bdc Au bi virus

"Polio" hodnh hdnh ndng nh^t.

Vdo ndm 1894. b^nh stft b ^ li^t

xutft hi$n d Hoa K^ dudi dang dich

bfnh, cd 5 ndm 1^ mtft ldn vd gdy

nhilu td vong. NgUdi ta tim thtfy

virus "Polio" d cdc tryc thdn kinh

btfnh nhdn, nhtft Id d tdy stfng, d

rutft vd trong cdc chtft trong ru$t.

d mdng nhdy hdu vd amidan, dich

ndo tdy, mdu. Cdc ntfi t^ng khtfng

-» TS. PHAM VAN TAT

lihd cd vaccin Polio, benh sdt bgi li§t tre em du^c Ioai

trii 6 nhi^u qudc gia tren th^ gidi. An 1>Q. mOt trong

nhflng nu6c h\ virus "Polio" t^n cOng n^ng ne, da ghi

nh$n ca benh bai li^t cudi cung vao nam 2011.

c6 chda virus Polio. Tuy nhiSn, d

tuytfn nude bot vd hach bach huytft

c6 the c6 mtft it virus. Cdc ttfn

thuong md bdo duuc tim thay d cdc

ttf bdo vdn ddng cua simg trudc tuy

stfng vd lan dtfn hdnh nao vd phdn

dudi ciJa nao bO. Vdi gtfc virus bai

li$t rdt dtfc ddn dtfn cdc ttfn thuong

d ndo hay cU tim.

Ddc tinh cua virus Polio

Isabel Morgan (1948 - 1949)

da thd nghitfm vd phdt hi|n 3 typ

virus "Polio" khdc bitft.

6ng da nuoi cfiy virus "Polio" d

mdi trUdng cd chda ttf bdo khi hay

ngudi. Nhd vdy, c6 thtf nghidn cdu

c6 h§ thtfng virus bai Htft. Td cdc

btfnh phtfm, c6 thtf trfch virus. Qua

kinh hitfn vi didn td, virus "Polio"

ctf dang hinh cdu, dudng kinh

khoang 27,3nm.

Virus Polio chiu dUtfc pH td 4 -

10. Hoi nhay cdm vdi cdc chtft oxy

hda, mtft ddn ddn hoat tinh bdi

formol vd mtft stf chtft sdt trimg.

NgUtfc lai, nd khdng chiu duoc sif

stfy khd nhung ctf thtf ttfn t£u nhilu

ndm trong glycerin hay ddng lanh.

N6 chiu dUcfc nhi^t dtf 40''C, chi bdt

ho^t d SO-C trong 3 phut hay SO'C

trong 31 gidy. Trong mdi trudng

xung quanh (nudc hi 8 nhilm), virus

ctf thtf tin tai trong nhilu thdng.

Dd phdng vd chung ngiJfa

Cdc bi|n phdp cdch ly b^nh

nhdn bai litft khdng cd khd ndng

BS. Jonas Salk dang th& nghidm vaccin sdt bai H^t vdo nSm 1954 d f^oa K^

THUdC & Sl?C KH6 E stf 498 (15.4.2014)