4th International conference on nanotechnologies and biomedical engineering, Volume 77

Volume 77

4th International Conference

on Nanotechnologies and Biomedical

Engineering

Proceedings of ICNBME-2019,

September 18–21, 2019,

Chisinau, Moldova

Ion Tiginyanu · Victor Sontea

Serghei Railean (Eds.)

IFMBE Proceedings

Volume 77

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Fatimah Ibrahim, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University

of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Igor Lackovic, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb,

Zagreb, Croatia

Emilio Sacristan Rock, Mexico DF, Mexico

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Ion Tiginyanu
Victor Sontea

Serghei Railean

Editors

4th International Conference

on Nanotechnologies

and Biomedical Engineering

Proceedings of ICNBME-2019, September

18–21, 2019, Chisinau, Moldova

123

Editors

Ion Tiginyanu

Academy of Sciences of Moldova

Chisinau, Moldova

Victor Sontea

Department of Microelectronics

and Biomedical Engineering

Technical University of Moldova

Serghei Railean Chisinau, Moldova

Department of Microelectronics

and Biomedical Engineering

Technical University of Moldova

Chisinau, Moldova

ISSN 1680-0737 ISSN 1433-9277 (electronic)

IFMBE Proceedings

ISBN 978-3-030-31865-9 ISBN 978-3-030-31866-6 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31866-6

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Preface

This volume presents the Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Nanotech￾nologies and Biomedical Engineering (ICNBME), which was held on September 18–21, 2019

in Chisinau, Republic of Moldova. ICNBME-2019 continued the series of international

conferences in the field of nanotechnologies and biomedical engineering with the main goal

focused at bringing together scientists and engineers dealing with fundamental and applied

research for reporting on the latest theoretical developments and applications in the fields

involved.

The conference covered a wide range of subjects of primary importance for research and

development such as nanotechnologies and nanomaterials; plasmonics and metamaterials;

bio-micro/nanotechnologies and devices; biomaterials for medical applications; biomimetics

and sensors; biomedical instrumentation; biomedical signal processing; biomedical imaging

and image processing; bioinformatics; medical physics and biophysics; molecular; cellular and

tissue engineering; clinical engineering; health technology management and assessment;

health informatics, e-health and telemedicine; biomedical engineering education; innovation,

development and interdisciplinary research; nuclear and radiation safety and security.

The papers included in the Proceedings reflect the results of multidisciplinary research

undertaken by about one hundred of groups worldwide. Special attention is paid to the devel￾opment of novel nanotechnologies and nanomaterials, in particular of bio-nanotechnologies and

bio-nanomaterials. New biocompatible materials are proposed for use in regenerative medicine,

cellular and tissue engineering. Interesting data on novel chemical and biosensors are reported

which are based on nanostructured metal oxides and hybrid nanocomposite materials.

Considerable progress has been achieved at the intersection of nanotechnologies, infor￾mation technologies, and biomedicine as, for example, in health informatics, biomedical

signal, and image processing. New theoretical and experimental results are highlighted in such

fields as superconductivity, novel magnetic materials, metamaterials, aeromaterials, opto￾electronic and photonic materials, photovoltaic structures, quantum dots, one- and

two-dimensional nanomaterials, multifunctional hybrid materials like core–shell structures,

etc. The Proceedings reflect the state of the art in controlling the properties of several classes

of nanocomposite materials for important future applications in various fields. It is worth to

note that the Proceedings include also a number of review papers reflecting the fascinating

history and recent achievements in the development of novel solid-state structures as well as

nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices on their basis.

We hope that the papers included in the ICNBME-2019 Proceedings will be of interest for

established researchers working in multidisciplinary fields of science and technology, young

scientists, students and broad community wishing to get up-to-date information on progress in

the fast-developing areas of nanotechnology and biomedical engineering.

Chisinau, Moldova Acad. Prof. Ion Tiginyanu

Prof. Victor Sontea

Dr. Serghei Railean

v

4th International Conference on Nanotechnologies

and Biomedical Engineering

ICNBME-2019, September 18–21, 2019, Chisinau,

Republic of Moldova

Organizers

Technical University of Moldova

Academy of Sciences of Moldova

State Medical and Pharmaceutical University “Nicolae Testemitanu”

Moldavian Society of Biomedical Engineering

In Collaboration with

The International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE)

Sponsored by

European Commission under the Grant #810652 “NanoMedTwin”

National Agency of Research and Development

vii

Committees

Conference Chairs

Ion Tiginyanu Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Republic of Moldova

Victor Sontea Technical University of Moldova, Republic of Moldova

International Advisory Committee

Ion Ababii Nicolae Testemiţanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical

University, Republic of Moldova

Rainer Adelung Institute for Materials Science, University of Kiel, Germany

Gert Baumann Charité Hospital, University of Berlin, Germany

Adriana Velazquez Berumen World Health Organization, Switzerland

Viorel Bostan Technical University of Moldova

Serghei Cebotari Hannover Medical School, Germany

Lee Chow University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA

Pascal Colpo Joint Research Center, Italy

Dan Dascalu Romanian Academy

Yury Dekhtyar Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanotechnologies,

Riga Technical University, Latvia

Sergei Dik Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelec￾tronics, Belarus

Franz Faupel Institute for Materials Science, University of Kiel, Germany

Vladimir Fomin Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Germany

Sergey Gaponenko National Academy of Sciences, Belarus

Boris Gorshunov Moscow Institute of Physiscs and Technology, Russia

Nora H. de Leeuw Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Hans Hartnagel Technical University Darmstadt, Institute of Microwave

Engineering and Photonics, Germany

Nicolae Jula Military Technical Academy, Romania

Lorenz Kienle Institute for Materials Science, University of Kiel, Germany

Jan Linnros Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

Ratko Magjarević University of Zagreb, Croatia

Hidenori Mimura Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Japan

Nicolas Pallikarakis University of Patras, Greece

Thierry Pauporte Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie de Paris, France

Alexander Pogrebnjak Sumy State University

Peter Scharff Technical University Ilmenau

Bogdan Simionescu Romanian Academy

Bruno Viana Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, Paris, France

Niels Wessel Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany

ix

International Program Committee

Artur Buzdugan Technical University of Moldova

Anatolie Casian Technical University of Moldova

Radu Ciorap Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy,

Romania

Anatol Ciubotaru Republican Clinical Hospital , Republic of Moldova

Călin Corciova Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy,

Romania

Hariton Costin Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi,

Romania

Ghenadie Curocichin Nicolae Testemiţanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical

University, Republic of Moldova

Adrian Dinescu National Institute for Research and Development in

Microtechnology—IMT Bucharest, Romania

Mircea Dragoman National Institute for Research and Development in

Microtechnology—IMT Bucharest, Romania

Constantin Gaindric Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Republic of Moldova

Anca-Irina Galaction Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy,

Romania

Tatisvili Grigor Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry of I.

Javakhishvili Tbilisi State

Stanislav Groppa State Medical and Pharmaceutical University “Nicolae

Testemiţanu”, Moldova

Andres Hilfiker Hannover Medical School, Germany

Leonid Kulyuk Institute of Applied Physics, Moldova

Oleg Lozan Nicolae Testemiţanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical

University, Republic of Moldova

Oleg Lupan Technical University of Moldova

Viorel Nacu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University “Nicolae

Testemiţanu”, Moldova

Anatolii Orlov National Technical University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

Gheorghe Rojnovanu Nicolae Testemiţanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical

University, Republic of Moldova

Andrei Sarua University of Bristol, United Kingdom

Anatolie Sidorenko Ghitu Institute of Electronic Engineering and Nanotechnolo￾gies, Moldova

Nicolai Sobolev University of Aveiro, Portugal

Ian Toma The George Washington University

Roman Tomashevskyi Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute, Ukraine

Pavel Topală Alecu Russo State University of Balti, Republic of Moldova

Vasile Tronciu Technical University of Moldova

Dumitru Tsiulyanu Technical University of Moldova

Veaceslav Ursaki Academy of Sciences of Moldova

Liliana Verestiuc Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy,

Romania

Victor Vovc Nicolae Testemiţanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical

University, Republic of Moldova

x Committees

Organizing Committee

Sergey Railean Technical University of Moldova, Head

Nicolai Ababii Technical University of Moldova

Tudor Braniste Technical University of Moldova

Vasilii Cretu Technical University of Moldova

Elena Darii Technical University of Moldova

Eugenia Groza State Medical and Pharmaceutical University “Nicolae

Testemiţanu”

Nicolae Magariu Technical University of Moldova

Ion Pocaznoi Technical University of Moldova

Vasile Postica Technical University of Moldova

Alexandr Sereacov Technical University of Moldova

Reviewers List

Vladimir Fomin

Ian Toma

Calin Corciova

Artur Buzdugan

Viorel Nacu

Nicolas Pallikarakis

Veaceslav Ursaki

Mircea Dragoman

Radu Ciorap

Sontea Victor

Postica Vasile

Roman Tomashevskyi

Anatolie Sidorenko

Oleg Lupan

Liliana Verestiuc

Eduard Monaico

Nicolae Jula

Vasile Tronciu

Ghenadie Curocichin

Nicolae Enaki

Mihai Macovei

Elena Achimova

Victor Vovc

Alexander Ushenko

Victor Zalamai

Corneliu-Nicolae Druga

Daria Grabco

Ionel Sanduleac

Leonid Kulyuk

Committees xi

Plenary Speakers Abstracts

New Areas of Research and Applications for GaN

Ion Tiginyanu

[email protected]

Academy of Sciences and Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

Gallium nitride, a wide-bandgap semiconductor compound (Eg = 3.4 eV at 300 K), has in the

past two decades registered a fascinating increase in the crystalline quality of epitaxial layers

determining its leading role in the development of the modern solid-state lighting industry.

Exhibiting an impressive number of unique properties such as high breakdown voltage, high

switching frequencies, enhanced power efficiency, high electrical conductivity, excellent

thermal stability, and radiation hardness, over the past decade GaN has been remarkably

successful in the area of high-power/high-frequency electronic applications and is now con￾sidered the second most important semiconductor material after Si. In this paper, we report on

new fields of research and applications of gallium nitride.

First, we describe the possibility to fabricate ultrathin GaN-suspended membranes for

multifunctional applications. In particular, these suspended membranes were used to fabricate

networks of memristor devices exhibiting basic learning mechanisms such as habituation and

dishabituation to a certain electrical stimulus [1].

Second, we report on GaN biocompatibility and on the possibility to mark living cells with

hollow GaN nanoparticles exhibiting piezoelectric and magnetic properties. We show that the

living cells marked by GaN:Fe nanoparticles can be guided in a controlled fashion using

applied magnetic fields which is important for use in cell therapy [2].

Third, we report on three-dimensional nanoarchitectures of GaN for nano/microfluidic,

microrobotic, and biomedical applications. The three-dimensional nanoarchitectures are based

on GaN microtubular structures with nanoscopic thin walls which exhibit dual hydrophobic–

hydrophilic behavior [3]. The microtubular structures are shown to self-organize when

interacting with water, forming self-healing waterproof rafts with impressive cargo capabilities

(cargo up to 500 times heavier than the floating raft). Along with this, we demonstrate

self-propelled liquid marbles with exceptional mechanical robustness which may find appli￾cations as bioreactors for scalable in vitro cell growth. The physical properties of the new

material based on three-dimensional GaN architectures will be presented in the context of its

prospects for various biomimetic applications. Along with this, the novel material is shown to

exhibit shielding capabilities against electromagnetic radiation in X-band [4].

We will discuss the feasibility to use the nano/microtubular structures on GaN for the

fabrication of light-driven nano/microengines with performances higher than those inherent to

microengines based on arrays of TiO2 nanotubes [5].

References

1. Dragoman, M., Tiginyanu, I., et al.: Learning mechanisms in memristor networks based on GaN

nanomembranes. J. Appl. Phys. 124, 152110 (2018)

2. Braniste, T., Tiginyanu, I., et al.: Targeting endothelial cells with multifunctional GaN/Fe nanoparticles.

Nanoscale Res. Lett. 12, 486 (2017)

xv

3. Tiginyanu, I., Braniste, T., et al.: Self-organized and self-propelled aero-GaN with dual

hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties. Nano Energy 56, 759 (2019)

4. Dragoman, M., Braniste, T., et al.: Electromagnetic interference shielding in X-band with aero-GaN.

Nanotechnology 30, 34LT01 (2019)

5. Enachi, M., Guix, M., et al.: Light-induced motion of microengines based on microarrays of TiO2 nan￾otubes. Small 12, 5497 (2016)

xvi New Areas of Research and Applications for GaN

Recent Progress of Cold Cathodes:

Volcano-Structured Field Emitters and GOS

Tunneling Cathodes

H. Mimura

[email protected]

T. Masuzawa

Y. Neo

K. Murakami

M. Nagao

Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan

Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan

Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan

Vacuum devices are dominant in high power and high frequency. Though thermal cathodes

are widely used in vacuum devices, if the thermal cathodes are replaced with cold cathodes,

more superior devices are expected. The conventional cold cathodes with an electron

extraction gate are field emitters (FEs). The FEs, however, have two big problems such as

current fluctuation and beam divergence. The current fluctuation is suppressed when the FE is

operated in ultrahigh vacuum or connected in series to a constant current source such as a

field-effect transistor [1, 2]. For the beam divergence, though the double-gated FE with both an

electron extraction gate and a focus gate was proposed, the electron emission current was

significantly reduced when the electron beam was focused. Recently, we have developed the

volcano-structured double-gated field emitter (VDG-FE) [3, 4]. The VDG-FE can focus

electron beam without a decrease of the emission current. By using the VDG-FE, we are

developing the compact image pickup tube which is applicable to a radiation-tolerant image

sensor [5].

As the second topic, I will talk about fabrication of graphene and its application to planar

Graphene–Oxide–Si (GOS) tunneling cathodes with an extremely high electron emission

efficiency. The MetalOxide–Si (MOS) tunneling cathode is a fine cold cathode, because it has

fluctuation free emission current, produces uniform emission from the whole emitter area, and

has a highly directional electron beam. Furthermore, the electron emission is almost inde￾pendent of the ambient gas pressure. However, MOS cathodes have very low electron

emission efficiency less than 1% [6]. We synthesized graphene by low-pressure chemical

vapor deposition. We have developed GOS tunneling cathodes with an extremely high

electron emission efficiency larger than 20% by replacing the poly-Si gate electrode of MOS

cathodes with a graphene electrode [7].

References

1. Hashiguchi, G., Mimura, H., Fujita, H.: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35 (1996) L84

2. Shimawaki, H., Tajima, K., Mimura, H., Yokoo, K.: IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 49 (2002) 1665

3. Neo, Y., Soda, T., Takeda, M., Nagao, M., Yoshida, T., Yasumuro, C., Kanemaru, S., Sakai, T., Hagiwara,

K., Saito, N., Aoki, T., Mimura, H.: App. Phys. Express. 1 (2008) 053001

xvii

4. Neo, Y., Takeda, M., Soda, T., Nagao, M., Yoshida, T., Kenamaru, S., Sakai, T., Hagiwara, K., Saito, N.,

Aoki, T., Mimura, H.: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 27 (2009) 701

5. Honda, Y., Nanba, M., Miyakawa, K., Kubota, M., Nagao, M., Neo, Y., Mimura, H., Egami, N.: J. Vac.

Sci. Technol. B 34 (2016) 052201

6. Mimura, H., Neo, Y., Shimawaki, H., Abe, Y., Tahara, K., Yokoo, K.: Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 (2006) 123514

7. Murakami, K., Miyaji, J., Furuya, R., Adachi, M., Nagao, M., Neo, Y., Takao, Y., Yamada, Y., Sasaki, M.,

Mimura, H.: Appl. Phys. Lett. 114 (2019) 213501

xviii Recent Progress of Cold Cathodes: Volcano-Structured …