13th EAI international conference on body area networks

13th EAI

International

Conference on Body

Area Networks

Chika Sugimoto

Hamed Farhadi

Matti Hämäläinen Editors

EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing

EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication

and Computing

Series editor

Imrich Chlamtac, European Alliance for Innovation, Ghent, Belgium

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Chika Sugimoto • Hamed Farhadi

Matti Hämäläinen

Editors

13th EAI International

Conference on Body Area

Networks

Editors

Chika Sugimoto

Yokohama National University

Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

Matti Hämäläinen

Centre for Wireless Communications

University of Oulu

Oulu, Finland

Hamed Farhadi

KTH Royal Institute of Technology

Stockholm, Stockholms Län, Sweden

ISSN 2522-8595 ISSN 2522-8609 (electronic)

EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing

ISBN 978-3-030-29896-8 ISBN 978-3-030-29897-5 (eBook)

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29897-5

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

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Preface

We are delighted to introduce the proceedings of the first edition of the 2018

European Alliance for Innovation (EAI) International Conference on Body Area

Networks (BODYNETS). This conference has brought researchers, developers

and practitioners around the world who are leveraging and developing WBAN

technology for wearable communications and personal health management. The

theme of BODYNETS 2018 was “Technologies providing information from inside

a body as well as on- and off-body devices.”

The technical program of BODYNETS 2018 consisted of 39 full papers. The

conference had a main track and four special tracks. The special tracks were

Track 1—Ultra Wide Band for Body Area Networks (UWBAN); Track 2—Smart

Body Area Networks (SmartBAN); and Track 3—Antenna/Propagation and WiBEC

project (APWiBEC). Aside from the high-quality technical paper presentations,

the technical program also featured two keynote speeches, three invited speeches,

and one panel. The two keynote speeches were given by Prof. Emil Jovanov

from the University of Alabama, USA, and Prof. William Scanlon from Queen’s

University Belfast, United Kingdom. The invited speeches were presented by Prof.

DK Arvind from the University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Prof. Ryuji Kohno

from Yokohama National University, Japan, and Dr. John Farserotu from CSEM,

Switzerland. The title of the panel was “Technological Trends and Challenges for

Future Healthcare.” The panel aimed to enrich our understanding of future trends

the healthcare procedures are nowadays going to, and give insights into their key

challenges.

Coordination with the steering chair, Imrich Chlamtac, and the general chair,

Matti Hämäläinen, was essential for the success of the conference. We sincerely

appreciate their constant support and guidance. It was also a great pleasure to work

with such an excellent organizing committee for their hard work in organizing and

supporting the conference: in particular, the Technical Program Committee, led by

our TPC Co-Chairs, Prof. Jari Iinatti, Prof. Lorenzo Mucchi, Prof. Carlos Pomalaza￾Raez, and Prof. Daisuke Anzai who have completed the peer-review process of

technical papers. We are also grateful to the conference manager, Radka Pincakova,

v

vi Preface

for her support and all the authors who submitted their papers to the BODYNETS

2018 conference and workshops.

We strongly believe that the BODYNETS conference provides a good forum

for all researchers, developers, and practitioners to discuss all science and tech￾nology aspects that are relevant to Wireless BAN. We also expect that the future

BODYNETS conference will be as successful and stimulating as indicated by the

contributions presented in this volume.

Yokohama, Japan Chika Sugimoto

Stockholm, Sweden Hamed Farhadi

Contents

Part I Ultra Wide Band for Body Area Networks

1 Ultra-Wide Band Positioning in Sport: How the On-Body Tag

Location Affects the System Performance ............................... 3

Alessio Martinelli, Marco Dolfi, Simone Morosi, Lorenzo Mucchi,

Matteo Paoli, and Andrea Agili

2 Human Body Effect on Static UWB WBAN Off-Body Radio

Channels..................................................................... 17

Timo Kumpuniemi, Juha-Pekka Mäkelä, Matti Hämäläinen,

Kamya Yekeh Yazdandoost, and Jari Iinatti

3 Reliable and High-Speed Implant Ultra-Wideband

Communications with Transmit–Receive Diversity..................... 27

Daisuke Anzai, Ilangko Balasingham, Georg Fischer,

and Jainqing Wang

4 A Finite Integration Technique-Based Simulation Study

on the Impact of the Sternotomy Wires on the UWB Channel

Characteristics .............................................................. 33

Mariella Särestöniemi, Carlos Pomalaza-Raez, Timo Kumpuniemi,

Matti Hämäläinen, and Jari Iinatti

Part II Smart Body Area Networks

5 Joint Throughput and Channel Aware MAC Scheduling

for SmartBAN............................................................... 49

Rida Khan and Muhammad Mahtab Alam

6 Neighbour Wireless Body Area Network Discovery Mechanism

for ETSI SmartBAN........................................................ 65

Tuomas Paso and Jussi Haapola

vii

viii Contents

7 Evaluation of Preamble Detection in ETSI SmartBAN PHY.......... 79

Kento Takabayashi, Hirokazu Tanaka, and Katsumi Sakakibara

Part III Security and Safety

8 Security in Body Networks: Watermark-Based

Communications on Air-Gap Acoustic Channel ........................ 89

Simone Soderi

9 Secrecy Capacity of Diffusion-Based Molecular

Communication Systems................................................... 103

Lorenzo Mucchi, Alessio Martinelli, Stefano Caputo, Sara Jayousi,

and Massimiliano Pierobon

10 Towards Efficient and Real-Time Human Activity Recognition

Using Wearable Sensors: A Shapelet-Based Pattern Matching

Approach .................................................................... 115

Delaram Yazdansepas, Nitin Saroha, Lakshmish Ramaswamy,

and Khaled Rasheed

11 Opportunistic IoT Service to Support Safety Driving

from Heterogeneous Data Sources........................................ 131

Giancarlo Fortino, Raffaele Gravina, Qimeng Li,

and Claudio Savaglio

Part IV Communications and Networking

12 Performance Evaluation of Bluetooth Low Energy Technology

Under Interference ......................................................... 147

Heikki Karvonen, Konstantin Mikhaylov, Dinesh Acharya,

and Md. Moklesur Rahman

13 A Hybrid Optical-Radio Wireless Network Concept for

the Hospital of the Future ................................................. 157

Iqrar Ahmed, Timo Kumpuniemi, and Marcos Katz

14 Signal Transmission with Intra-Body and Inter-Body

Communications: Simulation-Based Models ............................ 171

Doaa Ahmed, Jens Kirchner, and Georg Fischer

15 Indoor Energy Harvesting for WE-Safe Wearable IoT Sensor

Nodes......................................................................... 185

Fan Wu, Jean-Michel Redouté, and Mehmet Rasit Yuce

16 Learning and Recognition with Neural Network of Heart Beats

Sensed by WBAN for Patient Stress Estimate for Rehabilitation ..... 195

Yukihiro Kinjo, Yoshitomo Sakuma, and Ryuji Kohno

17 A Machine Learning Based Method for Coexistence State

Prediction in Multiple Wireless Body Area Networks.................. 203

Yongmei Sun, Tingshuo Chen, Jingxian Wang, and Yuefeng Ji

Contents ix

Part V Systems and Applications

18 Private Audio-Based Cough Sensing for In-Home Pulmonary

Assessment Using Mobile Devices ........................................ 221

Ebrahim Nemati, Md. Mahbubur Rahman, Viswam Nathan,

and Jilong Kuang

19 Using an Indoor Localization System for Activity Recognition ....... 233

Andrea Aliperti, José Corcuera, Chiara Fruzzetti, Gianluca Marchini,

Francesco Miliani, Simone Musetti, Andrea Primaverili,

Riccardo Rocchi, Davide Ruisi, and Alessio Vecchio

20 Indoor-Outdoor Detection Using Head-Mounted Lightweight

Sensors....................................................................... 245

Tommaso Martire, Payam Nazemzadeh, Alberto Sanna,

and Diana Trojaniello

21 Analysis of Walking Body Using Kinect2 and Application

of Integer Code to WBAN ................................................. 255

Hirohisa Kitahara, Hiroyoshi Morita, and Akiko Manada

Part VI Medical Applications

22 InstantRR: Instantaneous Respiratory Rate Estimation

on Context-Aware Mobile Devices ........................................ 267

Md. Mahbubur Rahman, Ebrahim Nemati, Viswam Nathan,

and Jilong Kuang

23 Pre-Ejection Period (PEP) Estimation Based on R-Wave

in ECG and On-Body Continuous Wave Radar Signal During

Daily Activities .............................................................. 283

Malikeh Pour Ebrahim, Fatemeh Heydari, Jean-Michel Redouté,

and Mehmet Rasit Yuce

24 Wearable Continuous Blood Pressure Estimation

with Photoplethysmography Sensors Array on the Arm............... 293

Chunkai Qiu, Taiyang Wu, Jean-Michel Redouté,

and Mehmet Rasit Yuce

25 Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation Based on Pulse Arrival

Time Using Bio-impedance During Different Postures

and Physical Exercises ..................................................... 301

Fatemeh Heydari, Malikeh Pour Ebrahim, Taiyang Wu, Katie Walker,

Keith Joe, Jean-Michel Redouté, and Mehmet Rasit Yuce

26 Estimation Method of Abdominal Fat Thickness by Microwave ...... 309

Nobuaki Tanaka and Takahiro Aoyagi

27 Exposure to RF EMF from 5G Handheld Devices...................... 317

Kamya Yekeh Yazdandoost and Ilkka Laakso

x Contents

Part VII Case Studies and Wearable Devices

28 Driving Operation Recognition Using Smart Cushion Based

on Deep Neural Network................................................... 325

Xiong Li, Meng Yu, Wenfeng Li, Congcong Ma, Raffaele Gravina,

and Giancarlo Fortino

29 A Wearable Device for Brain–Machine Interaction with

Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display ............................. 339

Mattia Salvaro, Simone Benatti, Victor Kartsch, Marco Guermandi,

and Luca Benini

30 A Cost-Effective Embedded Platform for Scalable

Multichannel Biopotential Acquisition................................... 353

Simone Benatti, Marco Guermandi, and Luca Benini

31 A Pilot Study on Electrode–Skin Impedance Analysis of

Embroidered EMG Electrodes............................................ 365

Bilge Guvenc Tuna, Gozde Goncu Berk, Nese Topcuoglu,

and Umit Ozorhan

32 Toward a Wearable Epileptic Seizure Monitoring: A Case Study .... 373

Javad Birjandtalab, Diana Cogan, Mehrdad Nourani, and Jay Harvey

33 Virtual Machine Execution for Wearables Based

on WebAssembly............................................................ 381

Martin Jacobsson and Jonas Willén

Part VIII Antenna/Propagation and WiBEC Project

34 Biometallic Orthopedic Implant with Printed Antenna ................ 393

Ildiko Peter and Ladislau Matekovits

35 EM Imaging-Based Capsule Endoscope Localization

with Peak-Formed Incident Electric Fields.............................. 399

Hisato Kobayashi, Daisuke Anzai, and Jainqing Wang

36 Information Theoretic Analysis for Securing Next Generation

Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker .............................................. 407

Muhammad Faheem Awan, Kimmo Kansanen, and Deepak Palaksha

37 Feasibility Analysis for Pulse-Based Synchronization in a Dual

Chamber Leadless Pacemaker System ................................... 419

Deepak Palaksha, Kimmo Kansanen, and Muhammad Faheem Awan

38 Low-UWB Directive Antenna for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

Localization ................................................................. 431

Chaïmaâ Kissi, Mariella Särestöniemi, Carlos Pomalaza-Raez,

Marko Sonkki, and Mohamed Nabil Srifi

Contents xi

39 Experimental Path Loss Models Comparison and Localization

of Wireless Endoscopic Capsule in the Ultra-Wideband

Frequency Band ............................................................ 443

Sofia Perez-Simbor, Martina Barbi, Mehrab Ramzan, Xiao Fang,

Concepcion Garcia-Pardo, Narcis Cardona, Qiong Wang,

Niels Neumann, and Dirk Plettemeier

40 Planar Elliptical Ring Implanted Antennas for UWB Body

Area Communication ...................................................... 455

Qiangbo Zhang, Xiao Fang, Qiong Wang, and Dirk Plettemeier

41 Motion Artifact Reduction in Electrocardiogram Using

Adaptive Filtering Based on Skin-Potential Variation Monitoring ... 465

Shumei Dai, Dongyi Chen, Fan Xiong, and Zhenghao Chen

Index ............................................................................... 473

Part I

Ultra Wide Band for Body Area Networks

Chapter 1

Ultra-Wide Band Positioning in Sport:

How the On-Body Tag Location Affects

the System Performance

Alessio Martinelli, Marco Dolfi, Simone Morosi, Lorenzo Mucchi,

Matteo Paoli, and Andrea Agili

1.1 Introduction

The increasing spread of location-based services (LBSs) [7] has encouraged the

collaboration between academics and industry to define innovative positioning

and navigation solutions. The pedestrian position-based services rely on those

technologies which primarily implement two positioning techniques: position fixing

and pedestrian dead reckoning [4]. In a remote positioning configuration, position

fixing aims to determine the pedestrian position exploiting the ranging signals

transmitted by a wearable device and received by an external infrastructure;

alternatively, pedestrian dead reckoning relies only on wearable sensors to measure

the distance and direction traveled from a previous position, in order to determine

the current one [9].

LBSs mainly involve sectors like military, emergency, and commercial [7]. The

latter, in particular, includes many specific contexts such as wellness and sport

[8, 13], in which the pedestrian position-based services have become very popular.

Tens of applications for smartphones or wearable devices hit the market with the aim

of providing position tracking information, mostly in outdoor environment through

satellite positioning technologies. Many professional sport teams have adopted

positioning system to carry out, e.g., analysis of physiological factors such as the

physical overload of the players or analysis of technical-tactical behaviors [11].

A. Martinelli () · M. Dolfi · S. Morosi · L. Mucchi

Information Engineering Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected];

[email protected]

M. Paoli · A. Agili

Tracking4Fun, Florence, Italy

e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

C. Sugimoto et al. (eds.), 13th EAI International Conference on Body

Area Networks, EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing,

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29897-5_1

3

4 A. Martinelli et al.

However, the positioning technologies that are currently used in sports are primarily

based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) [6, 12]. The latter provides a reliable

position solution only in the presence of open-sky environment and low human

motion dynamics, i.e., when the line-of-sight to the satellite is not obstructed and

the player is not performing short, high-speed straight line running and fast change

of directions [5].

Ultra-wide band (UWB) positioning can be considered a valid solution for

position tracking in sports. It can support high human dynamics being able to

determine the target position with centimeter-level positioning accuracy [1]. A

UWB positioning system relies on an external infrastructure, which can be arranged

either indoor or outdoor, and it aims to determine the position of wearable

tags. Since the UWB communication link between the tag and the positioning

infrastructure can be affected by the on-body tag location, the latter becomes a

crucial aspect for achieving the best positioning performance.

This paper introduces an UWB positioning system [14] whose proposal is subject

to patenting and that is based on the architecture illustrated in Fig. 1.1. This system

has been considered in a particular sport such as five-a-side football. Four static

UWB receivers are placed at the corners of a five-a-side pitch, while a mobile player

is equipped with four UWB transmitters arranged on different body locations: left

arm, right arm, upper back, and lower back, as shown in Fig. 1.2. The objective of

this work is to evaluate how different on-body sensor locations may affect the system

performance. The player’s body influences the UWB communication link defined

between the on-body transmitter and the receiver located on the sideline. The line￾of-sight (LOS) and non-light-of-sight (NLOS) propagation conditions, depending

on the location of the body-worn transmitter and the orientation of the player’s body

with respect to the receivers, affect the system performance. In order to assess the

performance of the positioning system, on-field tests have been performed with a

Fig. 1.1 The UWB positioning system architecture