12 English tenses 12 THÌ CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH

ENGLISH

TENSES

PRESENT

PRESENT

SIMPLE

PRESENT

CONTINUOUS

USE

Usually, sometimes, always, every

(day,week,time,...), normally, occasionally.

TIME MARKS:

FORM

(+) S + V (s/es) + O

(-): S + don

´t / doesn

´t + V_INF

(?): Do / does + S + V(s/es)?

FORM

(+): S + am/is/are +V_ING

(-) S + am/is/are + NOT +V_ING

(?) Am/Is/ Are + S + V_ING?

USE

: Now, right now, at moment, at present, for

the time being, currently.

TIME MARKS

PRESENT

PERFECT

FORM

(+) S + have/has + VPII

(-) S + have/ has not + VPII

(?) Have/Has + S + VPII?

USE

TIME MARKS

SINCE + mốc thời gian (kể từ...). Nếu sau since là 1 mệnh đề,

mệnh đề TRƯỚC since ở HTHT, mệnh đề SAU since ở QKĐ. I

have taught English since I graduated from university.

ALREADY (đã ... rồi), NEVER (chưa bao giờ), EVER (đã

từng), JUST (vừa mới)... đứng trước VPii

ALREADY cũng có thể đứng cuối câu

PAST

SIMPLE

PAST

FORM

V_ed

BE

USE

: yesterday, 2 weeks ago, 1 year ago, last week, in + thời

gian trong quá khứ...

TIME MARKS

(+) S + WAS/ WERE + O

(-) S + WAS/ WERE + NOT + O

PAST

CONTINUOUS

FORM

USE

Interupted actions in the past. (Diễn tả hành động đang xảy

ra thì có hành động khác xen vào). I was studing WHEN the baby

cried.

WHEN:

(+): S + WAS/ WERE + V_ING + O

(-) S + WAS/ WERE + NOT + V_ING + O

(?) WAS/ WERE + S + V_ING + O

FUTURE

FUTURE with

WILL / WONT

FORM

(+): S +WILL + V_INF

(-): S + WILL + NOT (WON´T)+ V_INF

(?): WILL + S + V_INF?

USE

Next (day, week, weekend, year,

etc..), tomorrow, in 5 years,...

TIME MARKS:

FUTURE with

BE GOING TO

FORM

(+): S + BE GOING TO + V_INF

(-): S + BE + NOT GOING TO + V_INF

(?): BE + S + GOING TO + V_INF

USE

Facts/ Truths: Water boils at 100C.

Habits: She get up at 7 am everyday.

School begins

at 9am tomorrow.

Fixed plans/ schedules:

: She

is working out at this moment.

Actions going on at this moment

T He

is studying English with me today.

emporary situations/ habits/ actions:

: I am flying to USA

next week.

Definite future plans

(đã xảy ra trong

quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại): She has worked here for 3 years.

Situations started in the past & are still true

(sự việc đã xảy ra nhưng ko rõ thời điểm): I have already read that

book.

Completed actions at a time in the past which is not mentioned

. They have all done their homework.

Completed actions where the important thing is the

result now

: I have watched this film several

time.

Repeated actions

I have read 4 books so far

this morning.

Actions at a specified time which are not complete

at the time of speaking:

NOTE: Dùng

Present Perferct

sau cấu trúc: SO SÁNH HƠN NHẤT: It is the most interesting book that I

have ever read.

This is the first/ second ... time...: This is the first time I

have eaten this kind of food.

FOR + khoảng thời gian

YET (chưa) đứng cuối câu, thường dùng trong câu

phủ định và nghi vấn.

RECENTLY, LATELY, SO FAR... Có thể đứng đầu hoặc cuối

câu

PRESENT PERFECT

CONTINUOUS

Experiences (Trải nghiệm hay kinh nghiệm), thường đi

kèm với “ever/ never”. Have you ever been to Argentina?

FORM: S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V_ING + O

USE

It has been raining all day./ It has been

raining all day.

Actions continuing up to now or just before

now.

. Diễn

tả một hành động vừa mới kết thúc nhưng kết quả còn liên

quan đến hiện tại. (nhấn mạnh về quá trình xảy ra hành

động). She has been working hard all day. She is very tired

now.

Recent actions that have an effect on the present

: since, for, just, all day, all the

morning...

TIME MARKS

NOTE

: emphasises the result of an

action. She has written an article for the school

newspaper (= She finished it)

PRESENT PERFECT

: emphasises the action, or

the time spent on the action, rather than the result. She has been

writing an article for the school newspaper. ( = She started, but she

hasn't finished yet)

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PAST

PERFECT

PAST PERFECT

CONTINUOUS

(?) WAS/ WERE + S + O?

(+) S + V_ed + O

(-) S + DIDN'T + V_inf + O

(?) DID + S + V_inf + O

Completed actions . He visited UK last year.

Repeated actions in the past: I went to the theatre 4 times last month.

:. 50 years ago, people

didn't spend as much on entertainment as they do today.

General truths about the past

Consecutive actions in the past:. She sat down and ordered a coffee.

. She pushed the door

open and looked inside the room.

Main events in a story

. At

9pm last night, I was watching TV.

Actions happening at a moment in the past

I was

reading book while my mom was cooking.

Two actions in progress at the same time.

It was raining

so I decided to go to the cinema.

Background information in a story.

TIME MARKS: When, while, at... yesterday/ last night

FORM

(+) S + HAD + VPII + O

(?) HAD + S + VPII + O?

(-) S + HAD NOT + VPII + O

USE

TIME

MARKS

We were happy because we

had all done our homework.

Finished actions and states where the important thing is the

result at a moment in the past.

I've finished my homework a few

minutes before the lesson started.

Describe an action that happened before another

action in the past.

. He

had never played football until last week.

Describe an action before a stated time in the past

U

. If I had had enough

money, I could have bought a new laptop.

se in the 3rd conditional to describe unreal

condition in the past

. We wished we had

purchased the ticket.

Thể hiện sự thất vọng về sự việc nào đó trong

quá khứ (ước ở quá khứ)

By: I had finished my homework by 8 pm.

: By the time we got to class, the

lesson had started.

By the time

The teacher had checked the answers before I

arrived.

Before:

After: I left after I had finished the test.

: She had just finished the test when the

bell rang.

JUST

WHEN: I left when I had finished the test.

Whether we use the PAST SIMPLE or PAST

PERFECT can change the meaning of the sentence.

NOTE:

The lesson started when I arrived. (= I arrived and then the

lesson started)

The lesson had started when I arrived. (= The lesson started

and then I arrived)

FORM

(+) S + HAD BEEN + V_ING + O

(-) S + HAD NOT BEEN + V_ING + O

(?) HAD + S + BEEN + V_ING +O?

USE

We had been

doing grammar exercises for over an hour, so we

were really bored.

Actions continuing up to, or stopping just

before, a moment in the past.

of sth in the past. I was tired because I had

been playing football for hours.

CAUSE

TIME MARKS:

NOTE

FOR: She had been studying for hours,

so he had a headache.

SINCE: He had been hoping to win the

competition since the summer.

BEFORE/ THE WHOLE DAY/ ALL DAY/ NIGHT

emphasises the result of an action. She

has written an article for the school newspaper (= She'd

finished it)

PAST PERFECT

emphasises the action -

nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động. She has been

writing an article for the school newwspaper. ( = She had

started, but she hadn't finished)

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

. The new

airport will be the biggest in Europe.

Facts about the future

: It will probadly

rain tomorrow.

Predictions

We'll help

you get ready for your holiday.

Offers and requests.

. I know. I

will go to China this summer.

Decisions made now

. I am going to become

a doctor when I grow up.

Intentions

). It is going to rain, so

take an umbrella.

Predictions (often with evidence

we can see

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

FORM

(+) S + will + be + V_ing

(-) S + will not (won’t) + be + V_ing

(?) Will + S + be + V_ing?

USE*

e. She will be teaching this class from now on.

Continuous events/ actions happening in the

futur

. He will be swimming in the

sea tomorrow morning

Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm

xác định trong tương lai

(hành động đang diễn ra dùng thì tương lai tiếp

diễn, hành động xen vào dùng thì hiện tại đơn). By the time I

get home, my son will be sleeping. (Vào lúc tôi về đến nhà thì

con trai tôi đang ngủ rồi.)

Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra thì hành động khác

xen vào.

At this time/ at this moment + thời gian trong tương

lai (Ví dụ: Vào thời điểm này...), at present next Friday, at 7.pm

tomorrow

TIME MARKS:

FUTURE PERFECT

FORM (+) S + will + have + VPII

(-) S + will NOT + have + VPII

(?) Will + S + have + VPII?

:

. I will have finished my report before the meeting

starts tomorrow morning

USE diễn tả một hành động sẽ kết thúc trước một

hành động khác hoặc một thời điểm trong tương

lai

: by + mốc thời gian (by the end of,

by tomorrow): vào…, by then: vào lúc, by the time:

vào thời điểm

TIME MARKS

FUTURE PERFECT

CONTINUOUS

:

i. By the end of this

month, he will have been living here for two years.

USE Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ và kéo dài

đến một thời điểm cho trước ở tương la

FORM

(-) S + will not + have + been + VPII

(?) Will + S + have + been + VPII?

(+) S + will + have + been + VPII

TIME MARKS: Giống FUTURE PERFECT

: Thì tương lai gần (future with be going to) không

dùng với động từ “go/ come”

, mà chúng ta dùng thì hiện

tại tiếp diễn. He is going to London next month.

NOTE

SO SÁNH

Will V:

Quyết định làm việc gì ngay tại thời điểm nói, không có

kế hoạch hay dự định từ trước. Ex: Someone is

knocking the door. I will open.

Đưa ra lời tiên đoán không có cơ sở, mà theo ý kiến

chủ quan. Ex. I think she will like this present.

BE GOING TO

Diễn tả sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai và có kế

hoạch, dự định từ trước. EX: I am going to paint my

room.

Đưa ra lời tiên đoán dựa trên tình huống hiện tại.

Ex. Look at the dark clouds! It is going to rain.