12 BASIC -GRAMMAR

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Baøi 2 : CAÂU ÑIEÀU KIEÄN

(Conditional Sentence)

Moät caâu ñieàu kieän coù hai meänh ñeà : meänh ñeà chæ ñieàu kieän (töùc meänh ñeà phuï) coøn

ñöôïc goïi laø meänh ñeà coù if (If-clause) vaø meänh ñeà chæ keát quaû coøn ñöôïc goïi laø meänh ñeà

chính (main clause).

- If he works harder, he will succeed in his examination.

(if-clause) (main clause)

Chuùng ta cuõng coù theå ñaët meänh ñeà chính ôû ñaàu caâu :

- He will succeed in his examination if he works harder.

Trong tieáng Anh coù 3 loaïi caâu ñieàu kieän chính :

* Type I : ÑIEÀU KIEÄN COÙ THEÅ XAÛY RA ÑÖÔÏC (probable condition)

1/ YÙ nghóa : Loaïi ñieàu kieän naøy duøng ñeå dieãn taû moät söï vieäc coù theå xaûy ra hoaëc

khoâng theå xaûy ra ôû hieän taïi hoaëc töông lai; nhöng chuùng ta coù nhieàu hy voïng noù xaûy ra.

2/ Thì cuûa ñoäng töø :

If- clause Main clause

Simple present Simple future

(shall / will + verb)

- If the rain stops, we shall go for a walk.

- He will come if you call him.

* Ngoaøi ra chuùng ta coøn coù theå duøng caùc khieám khuyeát ñoäng töø nhö : CAN, MUST,

MAY … ñeå thay cho shall hoaëc will ôû meänh ñeà chính.

- If you ask me, I can help you.

- You must study harder if you want to pass the coming exam.

* Meänh ñeà chính coù theå laø moät meänh leänh hoaëc thænh caàu :

- Come to me if you need help.

- If you have time, perfect your English.

* Type II : ÑIEÀU KIEÄN KHOÂNG COÙ THAÄT ÔÛ HIEÄN TAÏI. (Present- unreal Con)

1/ YÙ nghóa : Loaïi ñieàu kieän naøy dieãn taû moät ñieàu kieän khoù coù theå xaûy ra hay

moät söï vieäc khoâng thöïc hieän ñöôïc ôû hieän taïi hoaëc töông lai.

2/ Thì cuûa ñoäng töø :

If-clause Main clause

Past Subjunctive

(Quaù khöù giaû ñònh)

Present Conditional

( Should / would + verb)

- If I had a lot of free time, I would go swimming.

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