100 most influenced American

NHA XUAT BAN

LE QUANG HA - LE QUANG DUNG

MOST

INFLUENCED

AMERICAN

LE QUANG HA

LE QUANG DUNG (PH.D)

10Ũ MOST INFLUENCED

AMERICAN

HỊỊiỊỊẠliiậH ĩã ilÌ iiià I l i í i i l i i i l

ÌBêÌtQ ÌÌÌÌ

NHÀ X U Á T BẢN ĐẠI H ỌC THẢI NGUYÊN

NAM 2018

MẢ SỐ: 03 - 207

ĐHTN-2018

TABLE OF CONTENT

# Title Page

1. A brah am Lincoln 8

2. A lb ert E in stein 10

3. A lexan d er G raham Bell 12

4. A m elia E a rh a rt 1 4

5. A nd rew C arnegie 1 6

6. A rnold S ch w a rz en eg g er 18

7. A udie M urphy 2 0

8. B ab e Ruth 22

9. B a ra ck O bam a 2 4

10. B a rry B onds 2 6

11. B en jam in Franklin 2 8

12. B ey o n ce K now les 30

13. Bill Clinton 32

14. Bill G ates 3 4

15. Bill M aher 3 6

16. B illie )ea n King 3 8

17. B illy G raham 4 0

18. B ob Hope 4 2

19. Carl Sagan 4 4

2 0 . C esar Chavez 4 6

2 1 . C lint E astw ood 4 8

22 . C h arles Lin dbergh 5 0

23 . C h risto p h er R eeve 5 2

5 4

5 6

5 8

6 0

6 2

6 4

66

68

7 0

72

7 4

7 6

7 8

8 0

8 2

8 4

86

88

9 0

9 2

9 4

9 6

9 8

100

102

1 0 4

Chuck Y ea g er

D.B. C oop er

David L etterm an

D onald S terlin g

D w ight D. E isen h o w er

Elvis P resley

F o r re s t Gump

F ra n k S in a tra

Fran klin D. R o o sev elt

F re d e rick D ouglass

G eorge H.W. Bush

G eorge Lucas

G eorge S. P atton

G eorge W. Bush

G eorge W ashin gton

G eorge W ash in gto n C arver

H arrison Ford

H enry Ford

H elen K eller

Hugh H efn er

Ja ck K evorkian

Ja ck ie R o b in son

Ja m e s Bond

Ja n e Fon da

Je ff B ezos

Je rry S p rin g er

50 .

51.

52.

53 .

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60 .

6 1 .

6 2 .

6 3 .

6 4 .

6 5 .

66.

6 7 .

6 8

6 9

70.

71,

72

73

Je sse O w ens

Jim C arrey

John Lennon

Jo h n n y Carson

Jo h n n y Depp

Jo n a s Salk

K obe B ryan t

L ance A rm stron g

L arry Page

L ucille Ball

Lyndon B. Joh nson

M adonna

M agic Johnson

M arilyn M onroe

M ark Tw ain

M ark Z u ck erb erg

M artin L u th er King

M aya A ngelou

M eg W hitm an

M ickey M ouse

M ichael Jack son

M ichael Jord an

M ichael M oore

M ike T yson

M uham m ad Ali

Neil A rm stron g

1 5 8

1 6 0

1 6 2

1 6 4

1 6 6

1 6 8

1 7 0

1 7 2

1 7 4

1 7 6

1 7 8

1 8 0

1 8 2

1 8 4

1 8 6

1 8 8

1 9 0

1 9 2

1 9 4

1 9 6

1 9 8

200

202

2 0 4

2 0 6

O.J. Sim p son

O prah W in frey

P a t T illm an

Phil Ja ck so n

Ray C h arles

R ich ard M. Nixon

R obin W illiam s

R onald R eagan

Rudy G iuliani

R ush Lim baugh

R u ssell C row e

S h irley T em p le

S tev e Jo b s

S tev en S p ielb e rg

Su san B. A nthony

T ig e r W o o d s

T o m H anks

T h e W rig h t B ro th e rs

T h o m a s Je ffe rso n

U rsula B u rn s

U sh er

V an H alen

Vin Scu lly

W a lt D isn ey

Y ao M ing

Greetings from Editors

(Dear readers I

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7

Abraham Lincoln

■

D uring his p resid ency, the U nited S ta tes w as in

th e m iddle o f a terrib le civil w ar. At the c e n te r o f the

sp lit b e tw e e n the tw o sid es w as slavery. The north

w as a fast-grow ing, ind ustrial region th at w as m ore

p ro g ressiv e than th e ir sou th ern c o u n te r p a r t The

so u th ern eco n o m y w as based on cotto n production

th at m o stly used forced labor. The n o rth view ed this

1809-1865 y

p ra ctice as unethical, and im m oral, w hile

so u th e rn ers claim ed it w as an integral p art o f th eir culture. W hen Lincoln

w on the election , the sou th ern sta te s began to seced e from th e U nion, and

the w ar began.

Lincoln vow ed to end slav ery during his cam paign for p resid en t, w hile

n ev er sp eakin g ab o u t how th e co u n try w ould keep its relatio n sh ip w ith the

so u th ern sta te s w hen slavery w as ended. T h is angered m any so u th e rn ers

w ho p rom ised to reb el if Lincoln w on. T h e w ar lasted four y ea rs, and ab o u t

6 2 0 ,0 0 0 sold iers died. In w h at is con sid ered the turning p o in t o f th e war,

Lin coln issued his fam ou s E m an cip atio n P roclam ation in Jan u ary 1 8 6 3 .

W h at it did w as gain in tern a tio n a l favor from the w orld b eca u se o f its

eth ical qu alities. It p u t p re ssu re on th o se co u n tries doing b u sin e ss w ith the

sou th to rev iew th e ir p ractices. It effectiv ely put an end to th e w ar. Lincoln

w as a ssa ssin a ted on April 15, 1 8 6 5 by a sou th ern sym p ath izer as he s a t in a

th e a te r w ith his w ife. 8

COMPREHENSION

1. Lincoln serv ed as p re sid e n t f o r ___________ .

A. 4 d ecad es B. 4 m on th s

C. 8 y e a rs D. 4 y e a rs

2. T h e Civil W ar w as b e tw e e n ____________ .

A. China and R ussia B. C alifornia and New Y ork

C. N orthern U.S. and Southern U.S. D. Lincoln and W ash ington

3. T h e so u th e rn sta te s in the U.S. th ou ght forced lab o r w a s __________ .

A. n e c e ssa ry B. un eth ical

C. th e rig h t th in g to do for D. a foreign co n cep t

A m erican s only

4. W hy did th e so u th ern s ta te s sece d e from th e Union?

A. T h ey d id n 't w an t to use sla v e s B. Lincoln w as e lected p re sid e n t

an y m o re

C. T h ey lo st th e w ar D. T h ey w anted to b eco m e a p a rt o f

M exico

5. W h at did th e E m an cip atio n P ro clam atio n do?

A. exten d L in coln 's term a s B. freed all slav es in th e so u th ern

p re sid e n t sta te s

C. freed all sla v es in the n o rth e rn D. ch arg e a fine to slav e m a ste rs

sta te s

9

Albert Einstein

1879-1955

T h e am azin g A lb ert E in stein w as n o t b o rn in

the U nited S tates, b u t he lived m o st o f his ad u lt life

in A m erica a fte r leavin g his h om e cou n try

G erm any. T he th e o re tica l p h y sicist and s c ie n tist is

co n sid ered on e o f th e m o st in te llig e n t hum an

b ein g s ev er to w alk th e face o f th e earth . He is

cred ited w ith d evelop in g th e G en eral T h e o ry o f

R elativ ity th a t is on e o f th e p illars o f m od ern

scie n ce. He w as aw ard ed th e 1 9 2 1 N obel Prize in

physics largely based on th is th eory . He is b e s t know n fo r his fam ous

equ ation o f E=MC sq u ared , his m a ss-en erg y eq u iv alen ce form ula.

Born in G erm any on M arch 14, 1 8 7 9 , E in stein sh ow ed g re a t talen ts

and a b ilities from an ea rly age. He w as v isitin g th e United S ta te s in 1 9 3 3

w hen A dolf H itler to o k p o w e r in his hom eland . B eca u se o f H itler's

tre a tm e n t o f Jew ish p eop le, E in stein , w ho w as a Jew , d ecided n o t to retu rn

to Germ any, and to m ak e th e U nited S ta tes his hom e. He b e ca m e a U.S.

citizen in 1 9 4 0 .

It w as E in stein w h o first con ceiv ed o f a n u clea r fission w eap o n th a t he

fe lt G erm any w as on th e v erg e o f d iscovery. He urged P re sid en t Fran klin D.

R o o sev elt to begin d ev elo p m en t o f a sim ila r w eap on , b u t a lso fe lt it w as

b e s t n o t to use i t His w a rn in g a b o u t th e Nazis serv ed th e p re sid e n t well,

and th e M anhattan P ro je ct w as b orn . T h is p ro je c t w as d esigned to d evelop a

n u clear w eap on in th e U nited S ta tes in ca se H itler u n leash ed his own

w eapon. E in stein w as a life-lo n g p a c ifis t He sp o k e o f th e p u rity o f scien ce,

and how it should b e used for th e b e tte rm e n t o f H um ankind, and n o t for

creatin g w eap o n s o f m a ss d estru ctio n . B ecau se o f his high IQ, E in stein 's

nam e has b eco m e syn o n y m o u s w ith in tellig en ce in th e U nited S tates.

10

COMPREHENSION

1. E in stein is fr o m __________ .

A. th e U.S.

C. Poland

2. E in stein is c o n sid e re d o n e o f t h e .

A. s m a rte s t

C. k in d e st

3. He is b e s t know n f o r __________ .

A. E=M C sq u a red

C. th e B in ary Code

4 . W hy did E in stein d ecid e n o t to re

A. he fell in lo ve w ith th e U.S.

C. he w as Jew ish , an d H itler w as

killin g th em

5. A p a cifist is so m e o n e w h o ______

A. is p eacefu l

C. is good a t s cie n c e

B. A u stralia

D. G erm any

_______ p eo p le on E arth.

B. h a n d so m e st

D. fu n n ie st

B. th e G en eral T h e o ry o f Evolution

D. a s so c ia tin g w ith Bush

n to G erm an y ?

B. a irp la n e trav el w as im p o ssib le at

th e tim e

D .n o n e o f th e ab o v e

B. lo v es w a r

D. has a high IQ

11

Alexander Graham Bell

A lexan d er G raham Bell, a S co ttish -b o rn

in v en tor, scie n tist, and en g in eer, is on e o f the

m o st fam ou s p eo p le to ev er live in th e United

S tates. He is cred ited w ith th e in v en tio n o f th e

first, p ra ctica l te le p h o n e in th e w orld, w hich

changed th e w ay p eo p le com m u n icate to this

day. B o rn on M arch 3, 1 8 4 7 , Bell w as

influ en ced g rea tly by his g ra n d fa th er and

1 8 4 7 -1 9 2 2 father, w ho w e re b o th involved in w o rk related

to sp eech , and elocu tio n . His g r e a te s t in ven tion

is th e telep h o n e, b u t ironically, he refu sed to h av e a phon e in his w ork area.

He felt p hon es w ere intru sive, and a n u isan ce.

T rag ed y m arked B ell's ch ild h ood as b o th o f his b ro th e rs died from

com p lication s asso ciated w ith tu b ercu lo sis. He cam e from a fam ily o f

ed u cato rs as his fa th e r w as a u n iv ersity p ro fe sso r. His first in v en tio n w as a

sim p le corn d e-h u skin g m ach in e he b u ilt for his childhood b e s t friend. Bell

also had o th e r talen ts. He p o ssessed a ta le n t fo r m usic, and w ith no form al

training, tau g h t h im self how to play th e piano. He w as also a v en trilo q u ist,

and e n te rta in e d his friend s w ith his cu rio u s ta le n t

B eca u se o f th e boom ing eco n o m y in th e U nited S ta tes, teleg rap h lin es

w ere b ein g o verw h elm ed , and n ew lin es had to b e co n stru cted to

acco m m o d ate th e traffic. The U.S. so u g h t th e h elp o f in v en to rs to design a

lin e th a t could tra n sm it sev era l m essa g es at o n ce, w hich w ould b e a m arked

im p ro v em en t o v er th e sin gle tra n sm issio n lin es. B ell ap p ro a ch ed in v esto rs

w ith his new idea, th e telep h on e, and he a cq u ired the fin an cin g needed fo r

his w ork.

On M arch 10, 1 8 7 6 , B ell's in v en tio n w as put to th e test. T h e first

w ord s tra n sm itted by phon e w ere to his a ssista n t. "Mr. W atson - com e h ere

-1 w an t to se e you." W atson heard B ell's w o rd s clearly in th e n e x t room , and

th e telep h o n e cam e into existen ce.

12

COMPREHENSION

Bell th in k s p h o n e a r e .

A. a g re a t th in g to h av e B. co n v en ien t

C. a n u isa n ce D. none o f the ab o v e

W h a t w as tra g ic a b o u t B e ll's childhood?

B. his b ro th e rs died from

A. he w as an o rp h a n . . .

tu b ercu lo sis

C. h is fa th e r w as fired fro m his _ , . . . .

. , D. he w as bullied in sch ool

jo b

W h a t is o n e o f B e ll's "o th e r talen ts?"

A. d an cing B. playing piano

C. p ain tin g p e o p le 's fa ces D. d esignin g dolls

T h e U.S. w a n ted to d esign a teleg rap h line th a t c o u ld __________

A. tra n s m it se v e ra l m e ssa g e s a t B. tra n sm it m e ssa g e s one a t a

o n ce tim e

^ . D. sp eed up th e colleg e

C. sen d e m a ils q u ickly V. ...

ap p lication p ro ce ss

T h e first w o rd s tra n s m itte d by phon e w ere to B e ll's .

A. a s sista n t B. b e st frien d

C. w ife D. the P resid en t

Amelia Earhart

T h e re is p erh ap s no g re a te r m ystery in the

a n n als o f A m erican h isto ry as th a t o f the A m elia

E a rh a rt story. E arh a rt's story is o n e o f con trov ersy ,

and intriguin g. She w as an accom p lished aviator,

th e first w om an to fly a cro ss th e A tlantic O cean

solo. Sh e accom p lish ed this during a tim e w hen

w om en w ere n o t highly reg ard ed in the United

S ta tes. A m erican w om en during th e 1 9 3 0 s did not

1 8 9 7 -1 9 3 7 have th e sam e ad van tages m en had. T h ere w ere

few em p lo y m en t o p p o rtu n ities. Educated w om en w ere a scarcity. W om en

w ho did find em p lo y m e n t d urin g this era w ere w orkin g as grad e-sch ool

te a ch e rs, n an n ies, and m aid s fo r th e m o st p a r t A m elia E a rh a rt did a lo t to

ch an g e th a t p ercep tio n .

A lthough E a rh a rt w as b o rn into a fam ily th a t did se e financial su ccess,

b u t th a t su c ce ss w as fleetin g . T h e re w ere tim es in h er life w hen h er fam ily

stru ggled to m ak e end s m e e t b e ca u se o f p o o r m on ey m a n a g e m e n t E arh art

w as h om e sch o o led fo r m o st o f h e r life, and sh e gained h er pilots licen se at

an early age. In D e cem b e r o f 1 9 2 0 , E a rh a rt's fath er to o k A m elia to an

a irsh o w in Long B each , C alifornia. T his is w h ere sh e first b eca m e in terested

in flying. A fter e a rn in g h e r a v ia to r's licen se, she accom p lished a feat th a t

only a few m en had e v e r done: flying solo a cro ss the A tlantic. She earn ed

n atio n al fam e fo r th is and w as so o n a hou sehold nam e.

T rag ically , E a rh a rt w as lo st in an attem p t to fly arou nd th e w orld in

1 9 3 7 . She w as n e v e r found. T h e th e o rie s ab o u t how sh e m et h er end are

co u n tless. M any th in k sh e fell victim to th e Jap an ese p rio r to the sta rt o f

W orld W a r II. T h is th in k in g w as ro o ted in th e idea th at E a rh a rt w as a spy.

O th er o u tlan d ish th e o r ie s in clu d e a lien kid n ap p in g, b u t m o st likely sh e

had m e c h a n ic a l d ifficu ltie s fly in g o v er th e P a cific O cean. E a rh a rt w as

e ith e r k illed in sta n tly , o r su rv iv e d , a cco rd in g to on e p o p u la r theory , and

lived o u t h e r d ay s on a d e s e rte d island.

14